scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

scholarly journals Sugar, amino acid and inorganic ion profiling of the honeydew from different hemipteran species feeding on Abies alba and Picea abies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0228171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ion

Effects of some Amino-acid and Purine Antagonists on Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
C. H. Waddington ◽  
Margaret Perry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Purine Analogue ◽  
Know How ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strong Action

Several authors have studied the effects on developing embryos of substances which are analogues of naturally occurring amino-acids and purines, and known to act, in other systems, as metabolic inhibitors. It was emphasized by Waddington, Feldman, & Perry (1955) that any particular substance may exhibit very different effects in embryos of different types. They found, for instance, that the purine analogue 8-azaguanine has a very strong action in the chick and a much lesser one in the newt embryo. It is therefore necessary to consider the various classes of embryos separately. In this communication we shall be concerned only with chick embryos. Substances under test can be administered to such embryos by injection through the shell, as was done in the paper cited above With this technique it is impossible to know how much diffusion takes place of the substance injected, and one cannot therefore be certain of the effective concentration which actually reaches the embryo.

The Composition of the Seminal Plasma of Balanus Balanus

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
H. BARNES
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Chemical Analyses

1. The results of some chemical analyses for inorganic and organic constituents of the seminal plasma of Balanus balanus are presented. 2. The inorganic ions show a cation deficit of 178 m-equiv./l., which is probably made up by free amino-acids. 3. Cystine is a prominent amino acid present. 4. Potassium and calcium are present in excess of their quantities in sea water. 5. Reducing sugars, compared with the amount found in sea-urchin spermatozoa, are found in moderate quantities, 1 mg./ml. 6. Phosphorus of all kinds is present in only small quantities (total of o.14 mg./ml.). 7. Some phosphatases are present. 8. There are 21 /µg./ml. of ascorbic acid; the function of this is discussed in relation to its possible contribution to the protective action against the poisoning of -SH groups by thiol-reactive agents.

scholarly journals IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Leskowitz ◽  
Valerie E. Jones ◽  
Soloman J. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunochemical Study ◽  
Aromatic Molecules ◽  
Arsanilic Acid ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Amino Acid Polymers

Hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity was produced by immunization of guinea pigs with arsanilic acid conjugated to N-acetyltyrosine or other small aromatic molecules. Such hapten-specific delayed sensitivity could be passively transferred by peritoneal exudate cells. While a conjugate made from a polymer of D-amino acids was ineffective in producing sensitization, the conjugate made with D-tyrosine was effective, suggesting that the inability of D-amino acid polymers to be broken down by enzymes might be bypassed by use of the monomer. The effectiveness of such monomers in producing delayed sensitivity, but not antibody production, is consistent with a hypothesis that different types of antigenic determinants are involved in the production of each.

Direct detection of inorganic ions and underivatized amino acids in seconds using high-speed capillary electrophoresis coupled with back-scatter interferometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuru De Silva ◽  
Prabhavie M. Opallage ◽  
Robert C. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Underivatized Amino Acids

A short length, ultra-thin wall separation capillary combined with back-scatter interferometry enables amino acid separation and detection in seconds.

scholarly journals The Surface Composition of Amino Acid - KCl Solutions is pH-Dependent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geethanjali Gopakumar ◽  
Isaak Unger ◽  
Clara-Magdalena Saak ◽  
Gunnar Öhrwall ◽  
Arnaldo Naves de Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Dependent

The manuscript based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on aqueous solutions containing KCl and different amino acids. Our analysis suggests that the presence of the inorganic ions at the surface of the liquid is strongly dependent on the pH of the solution and the type of amino acid.

Isosmotic Regulation in Various Tissues of the Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys Centrata Centrata (Latreille)

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. GILLES-BAILLIEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Diamondback Terrapin ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content

1. Osmotic adjustment is achieved by blood and intracellular fluids in the diamond-back terrapin when acclimatized either to fresh water or to sea water. 2. The muscle adjusts its composition to a higher blood osmotic pressure by greater concentrations in ammonia, in taurine and in urea and to a lesser extent in all amino acids (aspartate excepted). The inorganic ion content is not affected. 3. In the bladder mucosa ammonia, taurine and all amino acids are more concentrated in sea-water animals. But essentially urea is responsible for the higher osmotic pressure. Of the inorganic ions only potassium shows a (slight) increase in sea-water animals. 4. In the colon mucosa there is a slight increase in the total amino acid content, in the concentrations of sodium and chloride, and a larger increase in urea. 5. In the jejunum mucosa the concentrations of amino acids, urea and K are much higher in sea-water animals. 6. The results are discussed within the framework of isosmotic regulation of intracellular fluids.

The Physiology of Excretion in the Cotton Stainer, Dysdercus Fasciatus Signoret

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-533
Author(s):  
M. J. BERRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Cotton Stainer ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

1. Inorganic excretion has been studied during both phases of excretion. 2. Large amounts of potassium, magnesium and phosphate are excreted during the first phase, but sodium and chloride losses are reduced to a minimum. 3. There is a close correlation between inorganic excretion and the relative abundance of these ions in the diet. 4. The inorganic ion and total nitrogen content of the urine retained in the rectum during the post-excretory phase shows little change. This provides strong evidence for assuming that the Malpighian tubules are inactive during this period. 5. Magnesium, potassium and calcium concentrations in the haemolymph remain relatively constant; sodium and chloride concentrations, however, show a marked increase during the middle of the instar. Amino acid concentration compensates for these changes, so ensuring a constant osmotic pressure in the haemolymph. 6. The high rate of liquid excretion in Dysdercus probably results from an excessive intake of inorganic ions.

Seasonal changes in hemolymph amino acids, proteins, and inorganic ions of a desert millipede Orthoporus ornatus (Girard) (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pugach ◽  
C. S. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Developmental Changes

Composition of hemolymph of Orthoporus ornatus (Girard) was examined seasonally. Mean amino acid concentration was highest in early summer at time of molt (June, 61.73 mg%) and lowest in winter (December, 22.53 mg%; January, 32.10 mg%). Protein concentration was lowest in fall (October, 11.63 mg%) and highest in early spring (March, 37.56 mg%). Sodium and Cl− were the main hemolymph ions, accounting for about half of the hemolymph osmolality. Significant seasonal changes occur in concentration of these and other hemolymph ions. Indirect evidence suggests regulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Hemolymph osmolality was higher in winter (December, 295.7 mosmol; January, 321.6 mosmol) than in summer (June, 211.9 mosmol; August, 204.1 mosmol). However, the contribution of measured ions to osmolality was greater in summer than in winter. Fluctuations of some hemolymph parameters suggest association with developmental changes.

The effect of amino acid backbone length on molecular packing: crystalline tartrates of glycine, β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and DL-α-aminobutyric acid (AABA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Losev ◽  
Elena Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Mixed Crystal ◽  
Molecular Packing ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Molecular Salts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Salt

We report a novel 1:1 cocrystal of β-alanine with DL-tartaric acid, C3H7NO2·C4H6O6, (II), and three new molecular salts of DL-tartaric acid with β-alanine {3-azaniumylpropanoic acid–3-azaniumylpropanoate DL-tartaric acid–DL-tartrate, [H(C3H7NO2)2]+·[H(C4H5O6)2]−, (III)}, γ-aminobutyric acid [3-carboxypropanaminium DL-tartrate, C4H10NO2 +·C4H5O6 −, (IV)] and DL-α-aminobutyric acid {DL-2-azaniumylbutanoic acid–DL-2-azaniumylbutanoate DL-tartaric acid–DL-tartrate, [H(C4H9NO2)2]+·[H(C4H5O6)2]−, (V)}. The crystal structures of binary crystals of DL-tartaric acid with glycine, (I), β-alanine, (II) and (III), GABA, (IV), and DL-AABA, (V), have similar molecular packing and crystallographic motifs. The shortest amino acid (i.e. glycine) forms a cocrystal, (I), with DL-tartaric acid, whereas the larger amino acids form molecular salts, viz. (IV) and (V). β-Alanine is the only amino acid capable of forming both a cocrystal [i.e. (II)] and a molecular salt [i.e. (III)] with DL-tartaric acid. The cocrystals of glycine and β-alanine with DL-tartaric acid, i.e. (I) and (II), respectively, contain chains of amino acid zwitterions, similar to the structure of pure glycine. In the structures of the molecular salts of amino acids, the amino acid cations form isolated dimers [of β-alanine in (III), GABA in (IV) and DL-AABA in (V)], which are linked by strong O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the three crystal structures comprise different types of dimeric cations, i.e. (A...A)+ in (III) and (V), and A +...A + in (IV). Molecular salts (IV) and (V) are the first examples of molecular salts of GABA and DL-AABA that contain dimers of amino acid cations. The geometry of each investigated amino acid (except DL-AABA) correlates with the melting point of its mixed crystal.

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