O PROCESSO DE LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL DE USINAS HELIOTÉRMICAS (CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER – CSP): CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE SUA SIMPLIFICAÇÃO

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lampkowski ◽  
Odivaldo José Seraphim ◽  
Anselmo José Spadotto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Environmental Licensing

Empreendimentos baseados em tecnologias de energia solar concentrada (Concentrated Solar Power - CSP), também chamada de solar-térmica ou heliotérmica, fazem uso de sistemas de concentração da radiação solar para obtenção de quantidades significativas de fluido a altas temperaturas para aplicação em ciclos térmicos de potência. Em usinas CSP, o calor do sol é captado e armazenado para, depois, ser transformado em energia mecânica e, por fim, em eletricidade. O calor recolhido aquece um líquido (fluido térmico) que passa por um receptor. Esse líquido armazena o calor e serve para aquecer a água dentro da usina e gerar vapor. A partir daí, o vapor gerado movimenta uma turbina e aciona um gerador, produzindo, assim, energia elétrica. No Brasil, apesar do alto índice de radiação solar direta incidente, ainda são escassos os projetos envolvendo a energia heliotérmica e acredita-se que alguns dos fatores que dificultam a adoção e a implementação destas tecnologias no país estão relacionados à complexidade do processo de licenciamento ambiental para construção e operação de usinas CSP e à ausência de uma legislação ambiental específica para empreendimentos baseados na heliotermia. Este artigo se propôs a apresentar os principais aspectos da legislação existente em relação à impactos ambientais e aos processos para a obtenção das licenças ambientais, relacionando-os com as características de usinas CSP. Com base na análise dos requisitos para os procedimentos de licenciamento levantados, foram desenvolvidas propostas para o estabelecimento de diretrizes de licenciamento que são essenciais para o desenvolvimento do mercado CSP no Brasil.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Energias renováveis, energia solar concentrada, legislação vigente. THE CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ITS SIMPLIFICATIONABSTRACT: Plants based on Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies, also called solar-thermal or heliothermal, make use of solar radiation concentration systems to obtain significant quantities of fluid at high temperatures for application in thermal power cycles. The sunlight is captured and stored. Then it is converted into mechanical energy and finally into electricity. The collected heat heats up a liquid (thermal fluid) that passes through a receiver. This liquid stores the heat and serves to heat the water inside the plant and generate steam. From there, the steam moves a turbine and drives a generator, thus producing electric energy. In Brazil, despite the high incidence of direct solar radiation, projects involving heliothermic energy are still scarce and it is believed that some of the factors that hinder the adoption and implementation of these technologies Brazil are related to the complexity of the environmental licensing process for construction and operation of CSP plants and also the absence of a specific environmental legislation for CSP projects. This paper proposes to present the main aspects of the existing legislation in relation to the environmental impacts and the processes to obtain the environmental licenses, relating them to the characteristics of CSP plants. Based on the analysis of the requirements for the licensing procedures raised, proposals were developed for the establishment of licensing guidelines that are essential for the development of the Brazilian CSP market.KEYWORDS: Renewable energies, concentrated solar power, current legislation

Advanced power cycles for concentrated solar power

Solar Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Stein ◽  
R. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Solar Power ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycles

scholarly journals Solar Thermal Power: Appraisal of Solar Power Towers

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Hashem Shatnawi ◽  
Chin Wai Lim ◽  
Firas Basim Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Tube Material ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
Solar Power Tower

This study delves into several engineering procedures related to solar power tower plants. These installations come with central receiver system technologies and high-temperature power cycles. Besides a summary emphasizing on the fundamental components of a solar power tower, this paper also forwards a description of three receiver designs. Namely, these are the tubular receiver, the volumetric receiver and the direct absorber receiver. A variety of heat transfer mediums were assessed, while a comprehensive explanation was provided on the elements of external solar cylindrical receivers. This explanation covers tube material, molten salt, tube diameter and heat flux.

Waste to energy efficiency improvements: Integration with solar thermal energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-434
Author(s):  
B Mendecka ◽  
L Lombardi ◽  
Pawel Gladysz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Energy Plant

Hybridisation of waste to energy with solar facility can take competing energy technologies and make them complementary. However, realising the benefits of solar integration requires careful consideration of the technical feasibility as well as the economic and environmental benefits of a proposed system. In this work, a solar-integrated waste-to-energy plant scheme is proposed and analysed from an energy, environmental and economic point of view. The new system integrates a traditional waste-to-energy plant with a concentrated solar power plant, by superheating the steam produced by the waste-to-energy flue gas boiler in the solar facility. The original waste-to-energy plant – that is, the base case before introducing the integration with concentrated solar power – has a thermal power input of 50 MW and operates with superheated steam at 40 bar and 400 °C; net power output is 10.7 MW, and the net energy efficiency is equal to 21.65%. By combining waste-to-energy plant with the solar facility, the power plant could provide higher net efficiency (from 1.4 to 3.7 p.p. higher), lower specific CO2 emissions (from 69 to 180 kg MWh-1 lower) and lower levellised cost of electricity (from 13.4 to 42.3 EUR MWh-1 lower) comparing with the standalone waste to energy case. The study shows that: (i) in the integrated case and for the increasing steam parameters energy, economic and ecological performances are improved; (ii) increasing the solar contribution could be an efficient way to improve the process and system performances. In general, we can conclude that concentrated solar-power technology holds significant promise for extending and developing the waste to energy systems.

High-Temperature Heat Transport and Storage Using LBE Alloy for Concentrated Solar Power System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Adrian Dawson ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Kishore Venkatesan ◽  
Wesley Stein
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Test System ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Temperature Heat

Liquid metals have received growing attention as a potential replacement for more conventional heat transfer fluids in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Owing to liquid metals high thermal conductivity, an increase in solar receiver efficiency as well as higher serviceable temperatures could enable more advanced power cycles to be integrated to the CSP system. Recently, CSIRO carried out research on a solar air turbine system which includes a demonstration of a high-temperature pressurized air receiver combined with high-temperature thermal storage. Since the operation temperature of a solar air turbine system is much higher than that of conventional CSP systems, Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) alloy was chosen for its favorable high temperature heat transport properties and relative ease of storage. The heat test apparatus consisted of a LBE-air heat exchanger, storage tanks with internal heating elements and a pumping system developed by CSIRO. During the test, approximately 1,000 kg of LBE was successfully pumped while capturing and storing approximately 35MJ of solar energy. The test successfully transferred heat from the solar air receiver to the LBE, with the temperature of stored LBE reaching over 770 °C. This paper will present the concept of the test system, design of its components, procedures and results of the test, and also lessons learnt.

S-Ethane Brayton Power Conversion Systems for Concentrated Solar Power Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Coco Enríquez ◽  
Javier Muñoz-Antón ◽  
José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Recompression Cycle

The objective of this investigation is the comparison between supercritical ethane (s-ethane, C2H6) and supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) Brayton power cycles for line-focusing concentrated solar power plants (CSP). In this study, CSP are analyzed with linear solar collectors (parabolic trough (PTC) or linear Fresnel (LF)), direct molten salt (MS), or direct steam generation (DSG) as heat transfer fluids (HTF), and four supercritical Brayton power cycles configurations: simple Brayton cycle (SB), recompression cycle (RC), partial cooling with recompression cycle (PCRC), and recompression with main compression intercooling cycle (RCMCI). All Brayton power cycles were assessed with two working fluids: s-CO2 and s-ethane. As a main result, we confirmed that s-ethane Brayton power cycles provide better net plant performance than s-CO2 cycles for turbine inlet temperatures (TITs) from 300 °C to 550 °C. As an example, the s-ethane RCMCI plant configuration net efficiency is ∼42.11% for TIT = 400 °C, and with s-CO2 the plant performance is ∼40%. The CSP Brayton power plants were also compared with another state-of-the-art CSP with DSG in linear solar collectors and a subcritical water Rankine power cycle with direct reheating (DRH), and a maximum plant performance between ∼40% and 41% (TIT = 550 °C).

scholarly journals Day-Ahead Robust Economic Dispatch Considering Renewable Energy and Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai ◽  
Ding ◽  
Wang ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Field

A concentrated solar power (CSP) plant with energy storage systems has excellent scheduling flexibility and superiority to traditional thermal power generation systems. In this paper, the operation mechanism and operational constraints of the CSP plant are specified. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the solar energy received by the solar field is considered and a robust economic dispatch model with CSP plants and renewable energy resources is proposed, where uncertainty is adjusted by the automatic generation control (AGC) regulation in the day-ahead ancillary market, so that the system security is guaranteed under any realization of the uncertainty. Finally, the proposed robust economic dispatch has been studied on an improved IEEE 30-bus test system, and the results verify the proposed model.

Thermo-Economic Analyses and Comparisons of Two S-CO2-Brayton-Cycle-Based Combined Power Cycles for Concentrated Solar Power Plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuegeng Ma ◽  
Xuwei Zhang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Jiping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power Plants ◽  
Residual Heat

In order to pursue superior cycle efficiency and lower power generation cost for the CSP plants, two S-CO2–Brayton–cycle–based power cycles with different utilization methods of the residual heat recover of the top S-CO2 Brayton cycle (SCBC) are investigated to seek alternatives to the stand-alone S-CO2 cycle as the power block of concentrated solar power plants. The residual heat released by the top S-CO2 cycle are either utilized to drive a LiBr absorption chiller (AC) for further chilling of the CO2 fluids exiting the precooler before entering the main compressor inlet temperature or recovered by an organic rankine cycle (ORC) for generating electricity. Thermo-economic analysis and optimization are performed for the SCBC–AC and SCBC–ORC, respectively. The results show that the thermal and exergetic efficiencies of the SCBC–AC are comparable with those of the SCBC–ORC in low pressure ratio conditions (PR<2.7) but are apparently lower than SCBC–ORC when PR is over 2.7. The LCOE of the CSP plant integrated with SCBC–AC is more sensitive to the change of PR. The optimal PR to maximum the cycle efficiency or minimize the plant LCOE for the SCBC–ORC is higher than that for the SCBC–AC, while the optimal recuperator effectiveness to minimize the LCOE of CSP plant integrated with SCBC–ORC is lower than that of SCBC–AC. The optimization results show that the thermo-economic performance of the SCBC–AC is comparable to that of the SCBC–ORC. Significant ηex improvement and LCOE reduction can be obtained by both the two combined cycles relative to the stand-alone S-CO2 cycle. The maximal ηex improvements obtained by the SCBC–ORC and SCBC–AC are 6.83% and 4.12%, respectively. The maximal LCOE reduction obtained by the SCBC-ORC and SCBC–AC are 0.70 ȼ / (kW·h) and 0.60 ȼ / (kW·h), respectively.

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