scholarly journals Africa em Lisboa - Os Indígenas da Guiné na Grande Exposiçã o Industrial and Guiné Aldeia Indígena em Lisboa - 1932: the portrayal of the female body

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Francesca de Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dominant Narratives

In this essay I will discuss the iconographic constructions developed by the Portuguese colonial project, arguing that Estado Novo has used cinema to consolidate social categories defined by the regime propaganda, using a discourse based on reality and authenticity and through the projection of stereotyped structures such as race and gender. Moving in the background of the theoretical frame on the concepts of archive and digital archive, the analysis will focus on a deconstructive re-interpretation of colonial and dominant narratives in two documentaries realized for the Portuguese industrial exposition in 1932, África em Lisboa – Os Indígenas da Guiné na Grande Exposição Industrial ((Africa in Lisbon- The Indigenous People of Guinea in The Great Industrial Exhibition) and Guiné Aldeia Indígena em Lisboa – 1932 (Guinea Indigenous Village in Lisbon- 1932). The discussion will hence be centered on the representation and the construction of relations of dominance and power over the black female body.

How race and gender shape the development of social prototypes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Kelsey Moty ◽  
Emily Foster-Hanson ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

The present studies examined how gender and race information shape children’s prototypes of various social categories. Children (N=543; Mage=5.81, range=2.75 - 10.62; 281 girls, 262 boys; 193 White, 114 Asian, 71 Black, 50 Hispanic, 39 Multiracial, 7 Middle-Eastern, 69 race unreported) most often chose White people as prototypical of boys and men—a pattern that increased with age. For female gender categories, children most often selected a White girl as prototypical of girls, but an Asian woman as prototypical of women. For superordinate social categories (person and kid), children tended to choose members of their own gender as most representative. Overall, the findings reveal how cultural ideologies and identity-based processes interact to shape the development of social prototypes across childhood.

scholarly journals In self defense : black female journalists' advocacy in the Cold War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel (Rachel Lindsey) Grant
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
White Woman ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cold War

"Mary Church Terrell, Black female journalist and civil rights activist, stood in front of the United Nations board in Lake Success, New York, on Sept. 21, 1949, to present a brief on Rosa Lee Ingram. Ingram and her two sons had been sentenced in 1948 to life in prison after they were accused of murdering John Stratford, their white neighbor who attacked Ingram after her livestock ventured onto his Georgia property. As a mother of 14 children, Ingram believed she acted in self-defense, but the Southern justice of an all-white jury convicted her. In front of an audience of 75 people, Terrell stated: "Under similar circumstances it is inconceivable that such an unjust sentence would have been imposed upon a white woman and her sons." She went further in noting the role that both race and gender played in the Ingram case." -- Introduction

scholarly journals The reduction of race and gender bias in clinical treatment recommendations using clinician peer networks in an experimental setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Centola ◽  
Douglas Guilbeault ◽  
Urmimala Sarkar ◽  
Elaine Khoong ◽  
Jingwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
White Male ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Standardized Patient ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

AbstractBias in clinical practice, in particular in relation to race and gender, is a persistent cause of healthcare disparities. We investigated the potential of a peer-network approach to reduce bias in medical treatment decisions within an experimental setting. We created “egalitarian” information exchange networks among practicing clinicians who provided recommendations for the clinical management of patient scenarios, presented via standardized patient videos of actors portraying patients with cardiac chest pain. The videos, which were standardized for relevant clinical factors, presented either a white male actor or Black female actor of similar age, wearing the same attire and in the same clinical setting, portraying a patient with clinically significant chest pain symptoms. We found significant disparities in the treatment recommendations given to the white male patient-actor and Black female patient-actor, which when translated into real clinical scenarios would result in the Black female patient being significantly more likely to receive unsafe undertreatment, rather than the guideline-recommended treatment. In the experimental control group, clinicians who were asked to independently reflect on the standardized patient videos did not show any significant reduction in bias. However, clinicians who exchanged real-time information in structured peer networks significantly improved their clinical accuracy and showed no bias in their final recommendations. The findings indicate that clinician network interventions might be used in healthcare settings to reduce significant disparities in patient treatment.

Dancing on the Edges of History, but Never Dancing Alone

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Barbara Ransby
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
And Gender

In this chapter the author reflects on what it means to be a black female historian in the twenty-first century. She challenges those who argue that it should simply mean being a good scholar and that notions of race and gender are anachronisms. She draws from her personal experiences in graduate school and in the academy as well as those of many other female historians of African descent to reflect on the slow and erratic progress but also persistent, intractable prejudice augmented by decades of institutional racism. She also elaborates on the significance of political activism, parenting, and mentors to her work and her life.

scholarly journals Face Processing in Infancy and Beyond: The Case of Social Categories

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Kang Lee ◽  
Olivier Pascalis
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Category Formation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Differential Experience ◽  
Social Biases

Prior reviews of infant face processing have emphasized how infants respond to faces in general. This review highlights how infants come to respond differentially to social categories of faces based on differential experience, with a focus on race and gender. We examine six different behaviors: preference, recognition, scanning, category formation, association with emotion, and selective learning. Although some aspects of infant responding to face race and gender may be accounted for by traditional models of perceptual development, other aspects suggest the need for a broader model that links perceptual development with social and emotional development. We also consider how responding to face race and gender in infancy may presage responding to these categories beyond infancy and discuss how social biases favoring own-race and female faces are formed.

“Up for it” or “asking for it”? Violence against women in the age of postfeminism

2020 ◽  
pp. 095935352096397
Author(s):  
Kathryn E Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
Discursive Constructions

Postfeminist young women are encouraged to “embrace” their sexuality by sexualizing their bodies as a means of empowerment. In stark contrast, dominant understandings of violence identify these same bodily displays as risk factors, condemning women who enact them as “asking for” victimization. While these competing demands on the female body have been widely documented in popular media, empirical work has not investigated if, and the extent to which, women reproduce these tension-filled constructions of the body in their own lives. Using in-depth interviews with 15 participants of varied race, class and gender identity in the US, this paper explores the ways in which these conflicting discursive constructions of the body are enacted by participants in their everyday lives. While participants took up varied sensibilities of the body and empowerment (including several that emphasized sexiness and sexuality), participants uniformly discussed perceptions of risk that inscribed the female body as vulnerable. This produced tensions in reasoning for some participants (but not all), in ways that were intersectionally inflected by race and gender presentation. More broadly, data suggests that postfeminist (and other) visions of the body that appear to otherwise produce lived experiences of empowerment are deemed invalid in contexts of risk.

The Development of Intersectional Social Prototypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Category Representation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Categorization ◽  
Developmental Shift ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
And Gender

Race and gender information overlap to shape adults’ representations of social categories. This overlap can lead to the “psychological invisibility” of people whose race and gender identities are perceived to have conflicting stereotypes. The present research examines whether and when race begins to bias representations of gender across development. Using a speeded categorization task, Study 1 revealed that children were slower to categorize Black women as women, relative to White and Asian women as women and Black men as men. Children were also more likely to mis-categorize Black women as men and less likely to stereotype Black women as feminine. Study 2 replicated these findings and provided evidence of a developmental shift in categorization speed. An omnibus analysis provided a high-powered test of developmental hypotheses, revealing that target race began biasing children’s gender categorization around age 5. Implications for the development of social category representation are discussed.

Power and the Evolution of Inequity

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Cailin O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Bargaining Game ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Resource Division ◽  
Relevant Factors

The chapter starts with an introduction of the primary paradigm used in this half of the book—the bargaining game. It uses this model to show why in groups with social categories fairness in bargaining is not the expected outcome of cultural evolution. Instead, social categories act as a symmetry breaker that stabilizes inequitable bargaining conventions. The chapter then turns to the role power plays in the evolution of bargaining. Powerful groups often gain an advantage with respect to the emergence of conventions of resource division. This can lead to compounding processes that profoundly disadvantage some social groups. These models make especially clear how irrelevant markers like race and gender can come to be more important in determining resource division than relevant factors, such as individual status.

scholarly journals Triple Consciousness: The Reimagination of Black Female Identities in Contemporary American Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Nahum Welang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Black Womanhood ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black Feminists ◽  
Black American Women ◽  
And Gender

Abstract My article underscores the intermediate existence of black American women between race and gender by stressing the role white patriarchy and black hypermasculinity play in the marginalisation of black female voices and the prioritisation of white women’s interests within and beyond mainstream feminist spaces. In order to legitimise this intermediate existence of black women, my article develops the triple consciousness theory (TCT). Inspired by W.E.B. Du Bois’ concept of double consciousness, TCT argues that black women view themselves through three lenses and not two: America, blackness and womanhood. Black feminists, TCT affirms, are able to reimagine misguided narratives of black womanhood in contemporary American culture by unpacking the complexity of this threefold consciousness. In Bad Feminist, Roxane Gay strives for the inclusion of pluralist voices in the mainstream feminist movement and in Lemonade, Beyonce uses Afrofuturist tropes, reappropriation and gothic imagery to exorcise the generational pain of betrayal by black men and white women. With Insecure, Issa Rae radicalises feminist theory by critiquing archetypes attached to black womanhood and in Marvel’s Black Panther, not only do black women possess the unprecedented agency to shape their own identities on their own terms, there is also an existential reconnection with their past.

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