DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMAL SCHEMES OF APPLICATION OF INTERFERON‑TAU FOR THE PREVENTION OF EMBRYONIC LOSS IN HIGH‑YIELDING DAIRY COWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
A. G. Nezhdanov ◽  
◽  
V. I. Mikhalev ◽  
N. V. Pasko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Embryonic Loss

scholarly journals Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Ottó Szenci
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Early Pregnancy Factor ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Protein Assays

One of the most recent techniques for the on-farm diagnosis of early pregnancy (EP) in cattle is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from Days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive pregnancy diagnosis (PD), and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Non-pregnant animals can be selected accurately by evaluating blood flow in the corpus luteum around Day 20 after AI, meaning we can substantially improve the reproductive efficiency of our herd. Pregnancy protein assays (PSPB, PAG-1, and PSP60 RIA, commercial ELISA or rapid visual ELISA tests) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining early pregnancy or late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM/EFM) in dairy cows. Although the early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator of fertilization, at present, its detection is entirely dependent on the use of the rosette inhibition test; therefore, its use in the field needs further developments. Recently found biomarkers like interferon-tau stimulated genes or microRNAs may help us diagnose early pregnancy in dairy cows; however, these tests need further developments before their general use in the farms becomes possible.

scholarly journals Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia

Cell Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bainesagn Worku ◽  
Million Tadesse ◽  
Azage Tegegne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Loss

72 EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION ON DAY 4 AFTER TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON PREGNANCY RATE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
G. Tortorelli ◽  
A. J. Azrak ◽  
V. da Costa Andrade ◽  
R. dos Santos Ramos ◽  
A. S. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group 1

Progesterone plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. It is hypothesised that insufficient progesterone early in pregnancy may result in embryonic loss, and that supplemental progesterone would decrease pregnancy loss in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of progesterone supplementation after timed AI on pregnancy rate of dairy cows. The experiment was conducted in a single commercial herd, in Sao Paulo State (Brazil), during a period of 1 year (January–December 2016). The cows were assigned at a nonpregnancy diagnosis 32 ± 3 days after AI to 1 to 6 resynchronization treatments. They were submitted to the same fixed time AI protocol: Day 0, 0.1 mg of gonadorelin, 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate, and an intravaginal device of 1.9 g of progesterone; Day 7, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine; Day 8, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 1 mg of oestradiol cipionate, and device withdrawal; Day 10, AI. At Day 14, the cows were alternately arranged in 2 groups. Group 1 received a 900-mg progesterone supplementation IM injection, and Group 2 did not receive progesterone supplementation. Then, 32 ± 3 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasonography, and the data were tabulated. Full statistical analysis will be done at the end of the study, when more than 500 cows will be allocated to the 2 groups. From January until April 2016, 230 lactating dairy cows were submitted to the experiment. Both groups had similar average days in lactation (166), average number of lactations (1.95), and average number of inseminations (4.3). Group 1 had a pregnancy rate of 25% (29/116), and group 2 had a pregnancy rate of 15.8% (18/114) (P = 0.01, one-way ANOVA). Based on these preliminary data, pregnancy rates of lactating dairy cows may be improved with progesterone supplementation on Day 4 after insemination. These results need to be confirmed on larger numbers of cows.

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

EFFICACY OF INTERFERON-TAU FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISORDERS OF EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS IN DAIRY COWS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
V. I. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
A. G. Nezhdanov ◽  
N. V. Pasko ◽  
L. V. Savchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Interferon Tau

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

Modification of endometrial fatty acid concentrations by the pre-implantation conceptus in pasture-fed dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meier ◽  
Caroline G Walker ◽  
Murray D Mitchell ◽  
Mathew D Littlejohn ◽  
John R Roche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Uterine Fluid ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The current study determined whether the pre-implantation conceptus modified endometrial fatty acid concentrations. Oestrus was synchronized in 14 mature lactating cows and embryos were transferred on day 7. Cows were slaughtered 10 d later, with each uterine horn flushed, the pre-implantation conceptus located, and inter-caruncular endometrial tissue collected from the gravid horn (containing the pre-implantation conceptus) and non-gravid horn. Endometrial fatty acid concentrations in the gravid and non-gravid horn were compared using linear models in restricted maxiumum likelihood. Investigations of the correlations among selected fatty acids and trophoblast weight or uterine fluid interferon-tau (IFN-τ) concentrations were also undertaken. The presence of the pre-implantation conceptus had relatively minor effects on endometrial fatty acid concentrations, but the ω6:ω3 ratio was greater and concentrations of stearic and oleic acid were slightly increased in the gravid horn. In the gravid horn, a negative linear relationship between the concentration of arachidonic acid and conceptus weight and IFN-τ concentration in the uterine luminal fluid were observed. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between concentrations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid in the non-gravid horn and conceptus weight. In conclusion, the presence of the pre-implantation conceptus appears to modulate endometrial fatty acids, as indicated by the differences in endometrial fatty acid concentrations in the gravid and non-gravid uterine horns. The physiological implication of these local effects of the pre-implantation conceptus, on reproductive success requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Evidence for an early endometrial response to pregnancy in cattle: both dependent upon and independent of interferon tau

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (16) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Forde ◽  
G. B. Duffy ◽  
P. A. McGettigan ◽  
J. A. Browne ◽  
J. P. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

The aims of this study were to 1) identify the earliest transcriptional response of the bovine endometrium to the presence of the conceptus (using RNAseq), 2) investigate if these genes are regulated by interferon tau (IFNT) in vivo, and 3) determine if they are predictive of the pregnancy status of postpartum dairy cows. RNAseq identified 459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pregnant and cyclic endometria on day 16. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of selected genes revealed PARP12, ZNFX1, HERC6, IFI16, RNF213, and DDX58 expression increased in pregnant compared with cyclic endometria on day 16 and were directly upregulated by intrauterine infusion of IFNT in vivo for 2 h ( P < 0.05). On day 13 following estrous endometrial expression of nine genes increased [ ARHGAP1, MGC127874, LIMS2, TBC1D1, FBXL7, C25H16orf71, LOC507810, ZSWIM4, and one novel gene (ENSBTAT00000050193)] and seven genes decreased ( SERBP1, SRGAP2, AL7A1, TBK1, F2RL2, MGC128929, and WBSCR17; P < 0.05) in pregnant compared with cyclic heifers. Of these DEGs, significant differences in expression between pregnant and cyclic endometria were maintained on day 16 for F2RL2, LIMS2, LOC507810, MGC127874, TBC1D1, WBSCR17, and ZSWIM4 ( P < 0.05) both their expression was not directly regulated by IFNT in vivo. Analysis of the expression of selected interferon-stimulated genes in blood samples from postpartum dairy cows revealed a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in expression of ZXFX1, PARP12, SAMD9, and HERC6 on day 18 following artificial insemination in cows subsequently confirmed pregnant compared with cyclic controls. In conclusion, RNAseq identified a number of novel pregnancy-associated genes in the endometrium of cattle during early pregnancy that are not regulated by IFNT in vivo. In addition, a number of genes that are directly regulated by short term exposure to IFNT in vivo are differentially expressed on day 18 following estrus detection in the blood of postpartum dairy cows depending on their pregnancy status.

Interferon-tau stimulated gene expression: A proxy to predict embryonic mortality in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasif Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
O.K. Hooda ◽  
Ankita Kalyan ◽  
Aarti Kamboj ◽  
Seid Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Interferon Tau
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