scholarly journals Early and Late Embryonic Loss of Smallholder Synchronized Dairy Cows Within Ethiopia

Cell Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bainesagn Worku ◽  
Million Tadesse ◽  
Azage Tegegne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Loss

72 EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION ON DAY 4 AFTER TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON PREGNANCY RATE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
G. Tortorelli ◽  
A. J. Azrak ◽  
V. da Costa Andrade ◽  
R. dos Santos Ramos ◽  
A. S. Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group 1

Progesterone plays an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. It is hypothesised that insufficient progesterone early in pregnancy may result in embryonic loss, and that supplemental progesterone would decrease pregnancy loss in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of progesterone supplementation after timed AI on pregnancy rate of dairy cows. The experiment was conducted in a single commercial herd, in Sao Paulo State (Brazil), during a period of 1 year (January–December 2016). The cows were assigned at a nonpregnancy diagnosis 32 ± 3 days after AI to 1 to 6 resynchronization treatments. They were submitted to the same fixed time AI protocol: Day 0, 0.1 mg of gonadorelin, 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate, and an intravaginal device of 1.9 g of progesterone; Day 7, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine; Day 8, 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 1 mg of oestradiol cipionate, and device withdrawal; Day 10, AI. At Day 14, the cows were alternately arranged in 2 groups. Group 1 received a 900-mg progesterone supplementation IM injection, and Group 2 did not receive progesterone supplementation. Then, 32 ± 3 days after insemination, pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal ultrasonography, and the data were tabulated. Full statistical analysis will be done at the end of the study, when more than 500 cows will be allocated to the 2 groups. From January until April 2016, 230 lactating dairy cows were submitted to the experiment. Both groups had similar average days in lactation (166), average number of lactations (1.95), and average number of inseminations (4.3). Group 1 had a pregnancy rate of 25% (29/116), and group 2 had a pregnancy rate of 15.8% (18/114) (P = 0.01, one-way ANOVA). Based on these preliminary data, pregnancy rates of lactating dairy cows may be improved with progesterone supplementation on Day 4 after insemination. These results need to be confirmed on larger numbers of cows.

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

Embryo mortality and its prevention

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A R Peters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Theca Interna

The economic and biological significance of embryo mortality in cattle is well recognised. About 90% or more ova are fertilised at oestrus but only about 55% of dairy cows calve to first insemination (reviewed by Sreenan and Diskin, 1985). Of this 35% post fertilisation loss, most (25-30%) occurs within a cycle length therefore not affecting the time of return to the subsequent oestrus. It is also accepted that the maintenance of early pregnancy requires the secretion of progesterone by a viable corpus luteum and that premature luteolysis is the major cause of embryonic loss during these early days of pregnancy.The corpus luteum forms after ovulation from the cells of the granulosa and theca interna layers of the ovarian follicle. These are thought to differentiate into the large and small luteal cells respectively (Smith et al., 1994). The large cells secrete progesterone and oxytocin and are responsive to prostaglandin E whilst the small ones secrete progesterone and are responsive to LH (reviewed by Wiltbank, 1994).

Extent, pattern and factors associated with late embryonic loss in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Silke ◽  
M.G. Diskin ◽  
D.A. Kenny ◽  
M.P. Boland ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Embryonic Loss

Predicting the time of ovulation in dairy cows using milk progesterone kits

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
B.J. McLeod ◽  
R.F. Weller ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
J.A. Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
On Farm

Poor reproductive performance of dairy herds is seldom attributable to a high incidence of embryonic loss or to long periods of anoestrus, but is generally due to the failure to inseminate cows that are cycling normally.Even in the best managed herds, oestrus detection rates rarely exceed 70-80%, and often 10-20% of non-oestrous animals may be recorded as being on heat. These shortcomings in oestrus detection can be overcome by monitoring oestrous cycles in Individual animals, thus enabling the time of ovulation to be predicted. For example, when cows that failed to show oestrus, were inseminated on the basis of milk progesterone profiles, the conception rates achieved were similar to those in cows inseminated at observed oestrus (Ball and Jackson, 1979). In addition, in groups of animals inseminated at progesterone-timed rather than at observed oestrus, the number of cows served over a one-cycle period increased dramatically (98 v 71%), and days from calving to first service decreased (78 v 92 days), (Foulkes, Cookson and Sauer, 1982). In this study, the feasibility of using on-farm milk progesterone kits as a practical method of predicting ovulation, and its effects on herd reproductive performance were assessed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Twinning and the Impacts of Twinning in Cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Lisa Praharani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Pros And Cons

Efforts to increase cattle production can be done through increasing the population and productivity of cattle, one of which is through the birth of two offsprings per parent (twin). The incidence of twinning in cattle ranged 1-10%, and influenced by genetic/breed, parity, management, season of breeding. This paper presented factors and technology that increase twinning rate and the impacts of twin births in cattle. There are genetic and non genetic factors affecting twinning rate. Increased twin births can be done through some technologies such as selection, reproduction and management. The problems in twinnings are the high incidence of abortion, early embryonic loss, distochia, retained placenta, metabolic disorders, and ketosis resulting in longer calving interval. Intensive management to dam bearing twins can reduce the problems. Economically, the profits of twinning are different between beef and dairy cattle. Twin births give benefit to beef cattle farming through the increase in total weaning per cattle. The pros and cons of twin births occur in dairy cows farming, especially on milk production.

scholarly journals Peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in dairy cows with embryonic loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa Dirandeh ◽  
M. A. Sayyar ◽  
Z. Ansari-Pirsaraei ◽  
H. Deldar ◽  
W. W. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Eicosanoid Metabolism ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 ◽  
Molecular Indicators ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractObjective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 16, 32 and 60 after timed (AI) from 200 Holstein cows to determine embryonic loss based on interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA expression (day 16) and ultrasound at day 32 and day 60. Leucocyte expressions of mRNA TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL1B, IL10, STAT3 (inflammation), PTGS2, PTGES (prostaglandin synthesis), and PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP (eicosanoid metabolism) at days 0 and 16 were determined. Plasma redox status for antioxidant enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at days 0, 16, 32 and 60. All antioxidant-redox responses were beneficially significant in pregnant cows diagnosed pregnant at day16 and sustained pregnancy to day 60 compared to non-pregnant cows at day16 or pregnant at day16 and lost embryos by days 32 or 60. The leucocyte mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, STAT 3, IL1B, PTGS2, PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP were greater and PTGES was lower at day16 in pregnant cows that lost embryos early (P < 0.05). In conclusion peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and plasma indicators of OS were altered in pregnant cows undergoing embryonic losses compared to cows with a sustained pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document