scholarly journals REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY, IMMIGRANTS, AND TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Jesse Campbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
National Study ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Building a civil service that reflects the diversity of the population it serves can increase bureaucratic legitimacy and the fairness of public service provision. In this study, I draw on symbolic representation theory and argue that the impact of representative bureaucracy on trust in government can vary by citizen immigration status. Combining microlevel demographic and opinion data from respondents in 43 countries and country-level estimates of the representativeness of government personnel, I implement a series of multi-level models to test the theory. The analysis suggests that the representativeness of government bureaucracy does not affect trust in the average case but is a significant factor for first generation immigrants. This study provides new evidence for the trust-enhancing effect of representative bureaucracy among minority stakeholders. I discuss how a cross-national approach can further enrich the theoretical landscape of the representative bureaucracy construct.

The legacy of country-level experience of armed conflict on emancipative value preferences: A global cross-national study

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-370
Author(s):  
Nohemi Echeverría ◽  
Kenneth Hemmerechts ◽  
Dimokritos Kavadias
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
National Study ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Preferences ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the legacies of large-scale armed conflict on emancipative value preferences from 1946 to 2012. The multilevel analysis indicates that people living in countries with past armed conflict are more likely to endorse less emancipative value preferences. The higher the intensity and the longer the duration of the armed conflict episodes experienced in a country, the greater the impact on values. Our evidence further suggests that the mechanism through which armed conflict shapes values is by diminishing/destructing the material, intellectual, and connective resources available to a society. These findings show that armed conflict legacies are bleaker than previous studies on individual exposure to violence have suggested. Large-scale violence diminishes people’s ability and motivation to pursue a life free from domination, potentially eroding the basis of generalized tolerance and cooperation.

The Impact of Taxes on Growth and Distribution in Developed Capitalist Countries: A Cross-National Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio J. Katz ◽  
Vincent A. Mahler ◽  
Michael G. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
National Study ◽  
Corporate Income Taxes ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Investment Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Has the scope of public planning in contemporary capitalist economies promoted or hindered economic growth and income distribution? We explore this question by assessing the impact of various mechanisms for raising government revenues on investment, growth, and income distribution in 22 developed market economy countries. The article considers whether growth and distribution are affected differently by governments' relative reliance on personal and corporate income taxes, social security contributions, property taxes, and sales and value added taxes, or by the relative progressivity of tax mechanisms. Our findings lend support to the assertion that fiscal instruments (especially personal income taxes) can be used successfully to achieve greater income equality. On the other hand, these findings run counter to the conventional notion that an automatic trade-off exists between an active public sector and a dynamic, expanding economy: although there is surely some tension between the economic goals of growth and equality, it is not at all clear that they are necessarily incompatible or that government can contribute only to the latter.

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