Политическая активность российской молодежи как индикатор ценностных ориентаций молодого поколения (на материалах регионального исследования)

In the article, the authors pay attention to the issue of value preferences of Russian youth on the example of the one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass. The problem of political activity of young people is considered through the system of current legislation on youth, socialization and directly value orientations and preferences of young people. The main legal acts regulating youth policy in the Russian Federation are marked. As an empirical basis a number of methodological approaches were used-the system approach (D. Easton, G. Almond), the normative-value approach of J. Rawls, a method of expert interviews and questionnaire survey. The article shows the inconsistency of the value beliefs of modern youth, which is caused by the Russian model of democratic development.

Consumer Value Preferences in Healthcare: Insights for Value-centred Management

Advances in healthcare service research emphasize a value-driven approach in healthcare by pressing the need to acknowledge what matters to the patient against the conventional approach of what should be provisioned in the service. This research study adopts a consumer-centric perspective of value creation, and explores consumer value preferences in healthcare services, using netnography of online consumer reviews of cancer patients. Six different types of consumer value are identified, which carry varying consumer expectations. These are excellence, novelty, spirituality, ethics, privacy and control. The research findings confirm that all types of consumer values are not positive; rather, there is a presence of positive and negative (or must-be) elements. Privacy and ethics are identified as the negative or must-be type of consumer value, which creates not much satisfaction, but their absence is dissatisfying. Novelty and control are identified as positive value types whose absence may not be that problematic, but their enhancement creates greater customer satisfaction. The findings provide shreds of evidence to the claim that all value types are not positive, and consumers often make trade-offs between positive and negative value types while evaluating services. Future research is suggested in different healthcare contexts (e.g., chronic vs. non-chronic disease) to develop value-centred management strategies.

Value Preferences and Intergenerational Differences of Tourists to Traditional Chinese Villages

Tourist values determine the behavior of tourists. To pinpoint the behaviors and preferences of tourists, it is necessary to explore their value orientation and intergenerational differences. The exploration is of great significance to the activation of tourism in traditional villages. After analyzing the value of tourists to two traditional villages (Hongcun and Xidi), this paper investigated the value preferences and intergenerational differences of tourists of four generations to traditional villages, using means-end chain (MEC) theory and hard laddering. Through a questionnaire survey on tourists born in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the authors established 36 MEC value chains of 18 classes. The results show that the post-60s traditional village tourists are a generation of wisdom-loving learners, who prefer the values of wisdom and self-improvement; the post-70s and 80s tourists are a generation of beauty lovers with a strong sense of belonging, who prefer the values of beautiful world, inner harmony, and sense of belonging; the post-90s tourists are a generation of inclusive advocators of diversity, with no special value preference. These results provide theoretical support and practical enlightenment for the market segmentation of traditional village tourism and the protection and activation of traditional villages.

Correlation of Motivation and Value Orientation of Project Managers

The objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the dimensions of performance motivation and value preferences of project managers in large companies. To examine the relationship, it was first necessary to find out what the value system of project managers is and what their motivational profile is. The research took the form of a questionnaire survey in large Czech companies, which belong to CZ-NACE C. Standardized questionnaires were used for data collection. The PVQ questionnaire was used to determine the value system and the LMI questionnaire was used to determine the motivational profile. Data were evaluated by using descriptive statistics and relationships were evaluated by using Person's correlation coefficient. Student's t-test was used to verify statistical significance. It was found that the analyzed values in the set of respondents are almost the same, all analyzed values are perceived by the respondents as significant. The most represented value among the respondents is benevolence and the least represented is tradition. We identified identical findings in the case of analysis of performance motivation. Of the four dimensions of motivation examined, the project managers addressed confidence in success to be the most important. A statistically significant relationship was found between commitment and power and success, between flexibility and stimulation, universalism and benevolence, between self-control and power, success, conformity and safety, and between confidence in success and power, success and stimulation. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01282 Full Text: PDF

Values of Ethnic Russians and the Indigenous Population in North Caucasus Republics of the Russian Federation: An Exploratory Three-Generation Comparison

This paper examines intergenerational differences and similarities in value preferences among three generations of the Russian ethnic minorities in two North Caucasus republics of the Russian Federation. It also compares them with value preferences of three generations of Russians in the Central Federal District around Moscow and those of indigenous North Caucasus residents. The sample included 479 grandparent–parent–adolescent triads. Data were obtained using Schwartz’s Revised Portrait Values Questionnaire. Scores for Schwartz’s four higher-order value types (Openness to Change, Self-Enhancement, Conservation, and Self-Transcendence) were calculated. Analyses of variance showed that intergenerational differences were strongest for Openness values. For the three other values, preferences of grandparents and parents differed less than did preferences of parents and their offspring. Repeated measures analyses of covariance, controlling for differences in age, gender, and educational attainment in the five cultural groups, showed that intergenerational differences were moderated by cultural context. Intergenerational differences were consistently widest in the Central Federal District. Generally, value preferences of contemporary adolescents, their parents, and their grandparents are drifting apart in the most “modern” part of the Russian Federation, whereas in the periphery, the generations are staying more closely together, largely regardless of people’s ethnic belonging.

Common coding of expected value and value uncertainty memories in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia output

Recent evidence implicates both basal ganglia and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in encoding value memories. However, comparative roles of cortical and basal nodes in value memory are not well understood. Here, single-unit recordings in vlPFC and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), within macaque monkeys, revealed a larger value signal in SNr that was nevertheless correlated with and had a comparable onset to the vlPFC value signal. The value signal was maintained for many objects (>90) many weeks after reward learning and was resistant to extinction in both regions and to repetition suppression in vlPFC. Both regions showed comparable granularity in encoding expected value and value uncertainty, which was paralleled by enhanced gaze bias during free viewing. The value signal dynamics in SNr could be predicted by combining responses of vlPFC neurons according to their value preferences consistent with a scheme in which cortical neurons reached SNr via direct and indirect pathways.

TRADE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AUTOMATION IN RETAIL TRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

The current economic situation in Russia, complicated by economic sanctions and sanitary and epidemiological conditions, combined with scientific and technological progress, poses new challenges for trade enterprises of various formats in the fight for buyers and their loyalty [4]. The article examines the role and directions of application in the trade and technological process of the store of electronic technologies, which are a kind of indicators of innovation. They allow you to create not only a model of the store's operation, but also to correct it, taking into account the available innovations in the field of technical equipment of the trade enterprise. This toolkit facilitates both organizational and managerial and evaluative and analytical work, which is necessary today even for small stores. The article concludes that it is necessary to improve the automation of processes in trade to increase the economic performance and competitiveness of the store. Understanding the specifics, the correct choice of electronic technologies enables the store to more deeply and in a timely manner identify the rapidly changing vector of value preferences of customers, as well as improve the ergonomics of purchases.

Contagion of Temporal Discounting Value Preferences in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults

Neuroeconomics paradigms have demonstrated that learning about another’s beliefs can make you more like them (i.e., contagion). Due to social deficits in autism, it is possible that autistic individuals will be immune to contagion. We fit Bayesian computational models to a temporal discounting task, where participants made decisions for themselves before and after learning the distinct preferences of two others. Two independent neurotypical samples (N = 48; N = 98) both showed a significant contagion effect; however the strength of contagion was unrelated to autistic traits. Equivalence tests showed autistic (N = 12) and matched neurotypical N = 12) samples had similar levels of contagion and accuracy when learning about others. Despite social impairments being at the core of autistic symptomatology, contagion of value preferences appears to be intact.

Fogyasztói értékpreferenciák a fenntartható élelmiszerpiacon = Consumer Value-preferences on a Sustainable Food Market

A doktori disszertáció az élelmiszerpiac fogyasztói motivációit vizsgálja az ökológiai fenntarthatóság szemszögéből. A mezőgazdaság, illetve az élelmiszer-szektor a globális gazdaság egyik legjelentősebb ágazata. Kettős kihívás áll az élelmiszer-termelés előtt: megfelelő táplálékot biztosítani a gyorsan növekvő létszámú emberiségnek, miközben a világgazdaság egyik legjelentősebb természeti erőforrás-felhasználó szektorát kell radikálisan átalakítani fenntartható működésre. A disszertáció az ökológiai közgazdaságtan szemléletével közelíti meg a fogyasztói magatartást és arra törekszik, hogy egy átfogó modellt mutasson be, amellyel szisztematikusan leírhatók a fogyasztói mérlegelés fontos aspektusai. A dolgozat először a fenntarthatóság és az externáliák fogalmait elemzi. Elsősorban Meadows, Daly, Callon és van den Bergh munkáira építve bemutatja, hogy a fenntarthatóság elméletileg értelmezhető az externáliák hiányaként is, ezzel megalapozva a későbbi módszertani részt, amelyben a fenntartható termékek megítélésének vizsgálatát az externáliák fogalmával közelíti meg. Az irodalmi bevezető második fele a fenntartható élelmiszerpiac két domináns modelljét vizsgálja. Az első a termelő és a fogyasztó közötti információs aszimmetria csökkentésére törekszik különböző minősítő, címkéző rendszerekre építve, de a piac globális hálózatát nem kérdőjelezi meg szisztematikusan. A második a piac és termelés lokalizálására törekszik, ezzel teremtve meg azt a társadalmi beágyazottságot, amiben az externáliaként leírt jelenségek a személyes kapcsolatok kontrollja mellett csökkennek, vagy megszűnnek. Világszerte és Magyarországon jelenleg mindkét rendszer megtalálható. A két megközelítés azonos célért küzd, jelentősen eltérő eszközökkel. A kutatás két kérdőíves vizsgálatra épül. Az első a fogyasztókat különböző externáliákkal járó termelési módokról kérdezi, és azt vizsgálja, hogy az externáliák elkerüléséért mekkora többletköltséget lennének hajlandóak vállalni attól függően, hogy ki vagy mi az, akinek az externália káros hatását viselnie kellene. Az adatgyűjtést a Corvinus Egyetem hallgatói körében végeztük. A második kérdőív a fogyasztók árakról szóló ismereteit, illetve vásárlással kapcsolatos legfontosabb attitűdjeit vizsgálja 8 budapesti élelmiszervásárlási helyszínen: 2 szupermarketben, 2 piacon, 2 termelői piacon és 2 biopiacon. A második kérdőív válaszadói populációja nem reprezentatív, a piacok vásárlóközönségéhez igazodik. Fő eredmények: • A fogyasztók etikai ítélete, illetve fizetési hajlandósága függ attól, hogy egy feltételezett környezeti terhet kinek kell viselnie. Ebben a tekintetben 4 szignifikánsan különböző típus különböztethető meg: a fogyasztó saját kára, távol élő emberek kára, a jövő nemzedékek kára, nem-emberi lények kára. • Az egyes vásárlási helyszínek fogyasztói nagyon különböző tudással és értékekkel rendelkeznek az élelmiszertermeléssel kapcsolatban. Míg léteznek tudatos és elkötelezett csoportok, sokak számára nem érthető a fenntartható és konvencionális termékek közötti árkülönbség. • A fogyasztók árakról alkotott tudása átlagosan viszonylag pontos, a válaszadók szegmentálásával azonban feltárható, hogy sokan túlbecsülik a fenntartható élelmiszerek árait és ez hatással lehet arra, hogy nem vásárolnak ilyen forrásokból. • Az eredmények alapján 5 fogyasztói csoport azonosítható, akik különböző pontosságú tudással rendelkeznek az élelmiszer-árakról, ugyanakkor számos más (értékrendbeli, demográfiai stb.) szempontból is jól azonosítható csoportokat alkotnak. • Javasoljuk a fentiek alapján egy komplex, többszintű, többdimenziós címke-rendszer kidolgozását, ami az externáliák típusainak és mértékének komplexitását a ma használatos rendszereknél érzékenyebben mutatja be. • A dolgozat fő elméleti eredménye egy modell, ami a fogyasztói döntés vizsgálatának kereteit definiálja, ezzel lehetőséget téve néhány nyitott tudományos kérdés mélyebb vizsgálatára, illetve összehasonlíthatóbb kutatások tervezésére.

Development of social values in childhood and early adolescence: a systematic review

Values are a central dimension of human social life. As conceptualized in Schwartz’s Theory of Basic Human Values, they are core to a person’s self-concept and drive individual actions towards both personal development and social transformation. Cross-cultural research with adults reveals a consensus regarding values’ structure and priorities. Research with young populations is still very recent, but has already provided relevant theoretical and empirical insights. In this systematic review, we have aimed to collect and analyse studies on the development of basic human values in childhood and early adolescence that published from 2008 to 2021. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using three electronic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus). Reviewers independently conducted the screening procedures to identify all papers focusing on basic human values in childhood and early adolescence (5 to 14 years-old), according to a set of previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were submitted to a standardised quality appraisal assessment tool to determine their methodological soundness. The retrieved data was extracted and summarised using a narrative synthesis approach that reports studies’ characteristics, socio-demographic variables, evidence on value structure, value preferences, factors associated with values and measures used to assess values in children and adolescents. A total of 44 papers were included in this review. The evidence provides extensive support to Schwartz's theoretical model. Moreover, several factors concerning predictors, moderators, mediators, correlates and outcomes of values were identified, and a total of 6 different instruments that allow measuring values at an early age are described.