The legacy of country-level experience of armed conflict on emancipative value preferences: A global cross-national study

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-370
Author(s):  
Nohemi Echeverría ◽  
Kenneth Hemmerechts ◽  
Dimokritos Kavadias
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
National Study ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Preferences ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the legacies of large-scale armed conflict on emancipative value preferences from 1946 to 2012. The multilevel analysis indicates that people living in countries with past armed conflict are more likely to endorse less emancipative value preferences. The higher the intensity and the longer the duration of the armed conflict episodes experienced in a country, the greater the impact on values. Our evidence further suggests that the mechanism through which armed conflict shapes values is by diminishing/destructing the material, intellectual, and connective resources available to a society. These findings show that armed conflict legacies are bleaker than previous studies on individual exposure to violence have suggested. Large-scale violence diminishes people’s ability and motivation to pursue a life free from domination, potentially eroding the basis of generalized tolerance and cooperation.

scholarly journals REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY, IMMIGRANTS, AND TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Jesse Campbell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
National Study ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Building a civil service that reflects the diversity of the population it serves can increase bureaucratic legitimacy and the fairness of public service provision. In this study, I draw on symbolic representation theory and argue that the impact of representative bureaucracy on trust in government can vary by citizen immigration status. Combining microlevel demographic and opinion data from respondents in 43 countries and country-level estimates of the representativeness of government personnel, I implement a series of multi-level models to test the theory. The analysis suggests that the representativeness of government bureaucracy does not affect trust in the average case but is a significant factor for first generation immigrants. This study provides new evidence for the trust-enhancing effect of representative bureaucracy among minority stakeholders. I discuss how a cross-national approach can further enrich the theoretical landscape of the representative bureaucracy construct.

Commentary on the international study of achievement in mathematics

1968 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Ryoichiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
International Study ◽  
International Project ◽  
National Study ◽  
Interesting Study ◽  
Achievement In Mathematics ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Recently the International Project for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) published the International Study of Achievement in Mathematics in two volumes. As one of the members of the Japanese Committee of the IEA, the author was very glad to see the publication of this useful and interesting study in the field of mathematics education. It should be observed that the lEA study is the first large-scale, empirical cross-national study of achievement in mathematics by school pupils to date. It has yielded not only extremely interesting findings but also valuable administrative and methodological experiences in this field. There are many important and instructive implications to be derived from this study of mathematics education.

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