scholarly journals A Methodology for Estimation of Vehicle emissions in a Metropolitan Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
한진석
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vehicle Emissions

Impact of sulfur-in-gasoline on motor vehicle emissions in the metropolitan area of Mexico City☆

Fuel ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 1605-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Schifter ◽  
L Dı́az ◽  
M Vera ◽  
E Guzmán ◽  
E López-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Emissions

Impact of Diesel Vehicle Emissions on PM2.5 Concentrations in Seoul Metropolitan Area during the Seasonal PM2.5 Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Yoonha Kim ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Yoon-Hee Kang ◽  
Seunghee You ◽  
Minah Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Diesel Vehicle

scholarly journals Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4689-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
S. C. Herndon ◽  
R. S. Slott ◽  
E. J. Dunlea ◽  
L. C. Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Road Vehicle ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles and fleet averaged emissions. Results indicate that colectivos, particularly CNG-powered colectivos, are potentially significant contributors of NOx and aldehydes in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in US cities. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.

A Driving Cycle for Vehicle Emissions Estimation in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schifter ◽  
L. Díaz ◽  
R. Rodríguez ◽  
E. López-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycle

scholarly journals Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5129-5142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zavala ◽  
S. C. Herndon ◽  
R. S. Slott ◽  
E. J. Dunlea ◽  
L. C. Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles in the form of frequency distributions as well as estimates for the fleet averaged emissions. Our measurements of emission ratios for both CNG and gasoline powered "colectivos" (public transportation buses that are intensively used in the MCMA) indicate that – in a mole per mole basis – have significantly larger NOx and aldehydes emissions ratios as compared to other sampled vehicles in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in U.S. cities. We estimate NOx emissions as 100 600±29 200 metric tons per year for light duty gasoline vehicles in the MCMA for 2003. According to these results, annual NOx emissions estimated in the emissions inventory for this category are within the range of our estimated NOx annual emissions. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.

Short-Form Application of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test to Latino Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Carol Melnick Ratusnik ◽  
Karen Sattinger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Data Application ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
Multiple Regression Technique

Short-form versions of the Screening Test of Spanish Grammar (Toronto, 1973) and the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (Lee, 1971) were devised for use with bilingual Latino children while preserving the original normative data. Application of a multiple regression technique to data collected on 60 lower social status Latino children (four years and six months to seven years and one month) from Spanish Harlem and Yonkers, New York, yielded a small but powerful set of predictor items from the Spanish and English tests. Clinicians may make rapid and accurate predictions of STSG or NSST total screening scores from administration of substantially shortened versions of the instruments. Case studies of Latino children from Chicago and Miami serve to cross-validate the procedure outside the New York metropolitan area.

Emergency Department Admission and Mortality Rate for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maria Pavarin ◽  
Angelo Fioritti ◽  
Francesca Fontana ◽  
Silvia Marani ◽  
Alessandra Paparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Emergency Department Admission ◽  
Completed Suicide

Background: The international literature reports that for every completed suicide there are between 8 and 22 visits to an Emergency Department (ED) for attempted suicide/suicidal behavior. Aims: To describe the characteristics of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for suicide-related presenting complaints in the metropolitan area of Bologna; to estimate the risk for all-cause mortality and for suicide; to identify the profiles of subjects most at risk. Method: Follow-up of patients admitted to the EDs of the metropolitan area of Bologna between January 2004 and December 2010 for attempted suicide. A Cox model was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic variables and the general mortality risk. Results: We identified 505 cases of attempted suicide, which were more frequent for female subjects, over the weekend, and at night (8:00 p.m./8:00 a.m.). The most used suicide methods were psychotropic drugs, sharp or blunt objects, and jumping from high places. In this cohort, 3.6% of subjects completed suicide (4.5% of males vs. 2.9% of females), 2.3% within 1 year of the start of follow-up. The most common causes of death were drug use and hanging. In the multivariate analysis, those who used illicit drugs 24 hr prior to admission to the ED (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.23–9.73) and patients who refused the treatment (HR = 6.74, 95% CI = 1.86–24.40) showed an increased mortality risk for suicide. Conclusion: Deliberate self-harm patients presenting to the ED who refuse treatment represent a specific target group for setting up dedicated prevention schemes.

Review of Metropolitan Area Schools: Resistance to District Reorganization.

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
ALAN C. KERCKHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area
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