scholarly journals Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation Plan

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fuller ◽  
T. Li
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Address ◽  
Inter Domain Routing

APT

Fog Computing ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Dan Jen ◽  
Michael Meisel ◽  
Daniel Massey ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Beichuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Routing ◽  
Internet Routing ◽  
Internet Address ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Edge Networks ◽  
Extensive Performance

The global routing system has seen a rapid increase in table size and routing changes in recent years, mostly driven by the growth of edge networks. This growth reflects two major limitations in the current architecture: (a) the conflict between provider-based addressing and edge networks' need for multihoming, and (b) flat routing's inability to provide isolation from edge dynamics. In order to address these limitations, we propose A Practical Tunneling Architecture (APT), a routing architecture that enables the Internet routing system to scale independently from edge growth. APT partitions the Internet address space in two, one for the transit core and one for edge networks, allowing edge addresses to be removed from the routing table in the transit core. Packets between edge networks are tunneled through the transit core. In order to automatically tunnel the packets, APT provides a mapping service between edge addresses and the addresses of their transit-core attachment points. We conducted an extensive performance evaluation of APT using trace data collected from routers at two major service providers. Our results show that APT can tunnel packets through the transit core by incurring extra delay on up to 0.8% of all packets at the cost of introducing only one or a few new or repurposed devices per AS.

A White Hat Study of a Nation's Publicly Accessible Critical Digital Infrastructure and a Way Forward

2020 ◽  
pp. 1672-1685
Author(s):  
Timo Kiravuo ◽  
Seppo Tiilikainen ◽  
Mikko Särelä ◽  
Jukka Manner
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Address Space ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Internet Address ◽  
Nation States

The developed society depends on many critical infrastructure processes, such as power generation, water treatment, many types of manufacturing, and smart buildings. These processes need control and the automation industry has embraced the Internet to connect all these controls. However, the controlling devices thus opened to the world do not always have adequate safeguards to withstand malicious users. Many automation systems have default passwords or known and unknown backdoors. Also, often those systems are not updated to close security weaknesses found after original installation. The authors argue that while the industry is familiar with the notion of safety of equipment and processes, it has not focused enough on IT security. Several years ago the Shodan search engine showed how easy it is to find these control devices on the Internet. The authors followed this research line further by targeting one nation's IP address space with Shodan and found thousands of control systems, many of which represent models and versions with known vulnerabilities. Their first contribution is presenting these findings and analyzing their significance. Their study started in 2012 and the most recent results are from the end of 2015. To gain further knowledge, they have built a prototype scanner capable of finding industrial control systems. This lets the authors evaluate the possibility of performing routine scans to gauge the vulnerability of a nation. Their second contribution is to present a template for a national Internet scanning program. The authors discuss the technology, performance, and legality of such a program. Based on their findings and analysis they argue that nations should continuously monitor their own Internet address space for vulnerabilities. The authors' findings indicate that the current level of vulnerabilities is significant and unacceptable. Scanning a nation's critical infrastructure can be done in minutes, allowing them to keep a tight control of vulnerabilities. Yet, in addition, the authors need to extend current legislation and the rights of government officials to bring more security in national critical infrastructures; this discussion is their third contribution. The cyber-space has become a playing field for criminals, terrorists and nation states, all of which may have a motive to disrupt the daily life of a nation, and currently causing such disruptions is too easy.

scholarly journals IKN-CF: An Approach to Identify Key Nodes in Inter-Domain Routing Systems Based on Cascading Failures

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Wendian Zhao ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Xinli Xiong ◽  
Jiazhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Strong Stability ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Nodes ◽  
Inter Domain Routing

Inter-domain routing systems is an important complex network in the Internet. Research on the vulnerability of inter-domain routing network nodes is of great support to the stable operation of the Internet. For the problem of node vulnerability, we proposed a method for identifying key nodes in inter-domain routing systems based on cascading failures (IKN-CF). Firstly, we analyzed the topology of inter-domain routing network and proposed an optimal valid path discovery algorithm considering business relationships. Then, the reason and propagation mechanism of cascading failure in the inter-domain routing network were analyzed, and we proposed two cascading indicators, which can approximate the impact of node failure on the network. After that, we established a key node identification model based on improved entropy weight TOPSIS (EWT), and the key node sequence in the network can be obtained through EWT calculation. We compared the existing three methods in two real inter-domain routing networks. The results indicate that the ranking results of IKN-CF are high accuracy, strong stability, and wide applicability. The accuracy of the top 100 nodes of the ranking result can reach 83.6%, which is at least 12.8% higher than the average accuracy of the existing three methods.

Stabilizing Inter-domain Routing in the Internet

2002 ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Ajoy K. Datta ◽  
Sébastien Tixeuil
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Inter Domain Routing

scholarly journals ANALISA PENDETEKSIAN WORM dan TROJAN PADA JARINGAN INTERNET UNIVERSITAS SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE KALSIFIKASI PADA DATA MINING C45 dan BAYESIAN NETWORK

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rastri Prathivi ◽  
Vensy Vydia
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Internet Address ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Worm Attacks ◽  
Bandwidth Capacity ◽  
Internet Network

<p>Worm attacks become a dangerous threat and cause damage in the Internet network. If the Internet network worms and trojan attacks the very disruption of traffic data as well as create bandwidth capacity has increased and wasted making the Internet connection is slow. Detecting worms and trojan on the Internet network, especially new variants of worms and trojans and worms and trojans hidden is still a challenging problem. Worm and trojan attacks generally occur in computer networks or the Internet which has a low level of security and vulnerable to infection. The detection and analysis of the worm and trojan attacks in the Internet network can be done by looking at the anomalies in Internet traffic and internet protocol addresses are accessed.<br />This research used experimental research applying C4.5 and Bayesian Network methods to accurately classify anomalies in network traffic internet. Analysis of classification is applied to an internet address, internet protocol and internet bandwidth that allegedly attacked and trojan worm attacks.<br />The results of this research is a result of analysis and classification of internet addresses, internet protocol and internet bandwidth to get the attack worms and trojans.</p>

A White Hat Study of a Nation's Publicly Accessible Critical Digital Infrastructure and a Way Forward

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Timo Kiravuo ◽  
Seppo Tiilikainen ◽  
Mikko Särelä ◽  
Jukka Manner
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Address Space ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Industrial Control Systems ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Internet Address ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Automation Systems

The developed society depends on many critical infrastructure processes, such as power generation, water treatment, many types of manufacturing, and smart buildings. These processes need control and the automation industry has embraced the Internet to connect all these controls. However, the controlling devices thus opened to the world do not always have adequate safeguards to withstand malicious users. Many automation systems have default passwords or known and unknown backdoors. Also, often those systems are not updated to close security weaknesses found after original installation. The authors argue that while the industry is familiar with the notion of safety of equipment and processes, it has not focused enough on IT security. Several years ago the Shodan search engine showed how easy it is to find these control devices on the Internet. The authors followed this research line further by targeting one nation's IP address space with Shodan and found thousands of control systems, many of which represent models and versions with known vulnerabilities. Their first contribution is presenting these findings and analyzing their significance. Their study started in 2012 and the most recent results are from the end of 2015. To gain further knowledge, they have built a prototype scanner capable of finding industrial control systems. This lets the authors evaluate the possibility of performing routine scans to gauge the vulnerability of a nation. Their second contribution is to present a template for a national Internet scanning program. The authors discuss the technology, performance, and legality of such a program. Based on their findings and analysis they argue that nations should continuously monitor their own Internet address space for vulnerabilities. The authors' findings indicate that the current level of vulnerabilities is significant and unacceptable. Scanning a nation's critical infrastructure can be done in minutes, allowing them to keep a tight control of vulnerabilities. Yet, in addition, the authors need to extend current legislation and the rights of government officials to bring more security in national critical infrastructures; this discussion is their third contribution. The cyber-space has become a playing field for criminals, terrorists and nation states, all of which may have a motive to disrupt the daily life of a nation, and currently causing such disruptions is too easy.

scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to Evaluating the Trustworthiness of the Internet Inter-Domain Routing Information

2012 ◽  
Vol E95-D (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Peidong ZHU ◽  
Huayang CAO ◽  
Wenping DENG ◽  
Kan CHEN ◽  
Xiaoqiang WANG
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Inter Domain Routing
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