The effect of material strength and discontinuity in RC structures according to different site-specific design spectra

Recently, the self-employed do not respect the land rights of farmers, forcing farmers to transfer land, free of illegal interception land transfer revenue; do not respect the wishes of farmers, forced recruitment of illegal occupation of farmer contracted land, to compensate for low prices, such as a very serious problem. Discussion from the institutional reasons, there are some flaws of the current land law system. From the theoretical construction site briefly describes the contents of the configuration pre-planning the construction site, the site specific design, site hardware and software facilities, administer the site core information website and promotion, website maintenance and other aspects of the latter.

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Region and Site Specific Design Guidelines for the Northeastern Venezuela Development

10.4043/8109-ms ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

E. Gajardo ◽

M. Pagá ◽

J.P. Sully

Keyword(s):

Design Guidelines ◽

Specific Design ◽

Site Specific

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Process-Based Design Strengthens theAnalysis of Stream and Floodplain Systems under a Changing Climate

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1735-1742 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Garey A. Fox

Keyword(s):

Stream Restoration ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Riparian Buffer ◽

Specific Design ◽

Flow Process ◽

Site Specific ◽

Climatic Extremes ◽

Streambank Erosion ◽

Vegetative Filter Strip ◽

Buffer Design

HighlightsStream-riparian interactions and preferential flow remain two “unsolved” problems in hydrology.Using mechanistic approaches enables analysis of stream and floodplain systems under future climatic extremes.Engineers should verify stream restoration designs with models that consider stream-riparian interactions.Riparian buffer design models should consider preferential flow and be more widely used for site-specific design. Keywords: . Climate Variability, Floodplain, Preferential flow, Process-based design, Riparian buffer, Stream restoration, Streambank erosion, Vegetative Filter Strip.

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Site-Specific Design Optimization of 1.5–2.0 MW Wind Turbines

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1404433 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 296-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Peter Fuglsang ◽

Kenneth Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Offshore Wind Farm ◽

Load Prediction ◽

Specific Design ◽

Site Specific ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Fatigue Loads

A method is presented for site-specific design of wind turbines where cost of energy is minimized. A numerical optimization algorithm was used together with an aeroelastic load prediction code and a cost model. The wind climate was modeled in detail including simulated turbulence. Response time series were calculated for relevant load cases, and lifetime equivalent fatigue loads were derived. For the fatigue loads, an intelligent sensitivity analysis was used to reduce computational costs. Extreme loads were derived from statistical response calculations of the Davenport type. A comparison of a 1.5 MW stall regulated wind turbine in normal onshore flat terrain and in an offshore wind farm showed a potential increase in energy production of 28% for the offshore wind farm, but also significant increases in most fatigue loads and in cost of energy. Overall design variables were optimized for both sites. Compared to an onshore optimization, the offshore optimization increased swept area and rated power whereas hub height was reduced. Cost of energy from manufacture and installation for the offshore site was reduced by 10.6% to 4.6¢. This reduction makes offshore wind power competitive compared with today’s onshore wind turbines. The presented study was made for one wind turbine concept only, and many of the involved sub models were based on simplified assumptions. Thus there is a need for further studies of these models.

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Response sensitivity of blast-loaded reinforced concrete structures to the number of degrees of freedomThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Blast Engineering.

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l08-140 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1305-1320 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. W. El-Dakhakhni ◽

S. H. Changiz Rezaei ◽

W. F. Mekky ◽

A. G. Razaqpur

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Structural Member ◽

Degree Of Freedom ◽

Material Strength ◽

Nonlinear Behaviour ◽

Structural Members ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Rc Structures

Accurate analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under blast loading is very complicated due to the nonlinear behaviour of concrete and reinforcement and the various failure modes to be considered. Although blast loads can excite a large number of modes due to their high frequency content, practical computational tools are usually limited to single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. In addition to oversimplification, SDOF models are known to give inaccurate prediction for shear forces and support reactions. This is because accurate shear force prediction typically requires accounting for modes higher than the fundamental mode. In this study, a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model is developed that takes into account the nonlinear behaviour of RC structures and the material strength and deformation dependency on the strain rate. Using this model, a series of dynamic analyses were carried out for two typical structural members, with different combination of blast pressure and impulse. The effect of varying the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) was investigated through increasing the number of nodes used to descretize each structural member. The results of the developed MDOF model were compared to the results of available SDOF models which demonstrated the deficiencies of the latter. The developed MDOF model, with few DOF, was found to be capable of accurately predicting the dynamic shear of the modeled structural members. The model was also compared to available experimental results and showed good agreement. Changing the number of DOF also affected the pressure–impulse (P–I) diagrams for the structural member significantly, especially in the impulsive regime.

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The Effect of Site-Specific Design Spectrum on Earthquake-Building Parameters: A Case Study from the Marmara Region (NW Turkey)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10207247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 7247

Author(s):

Ercan Işık ◽

Aydın Büyüksaraç ◽

Yunus Levent Ekinci ◽

Mehmet Cihan Aydın ◽

Ehsan Harirchian

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Earthquake Ground Motion ◽

Marmara Region ◽

Specific Design ◽

Site Specific ◽

Reinforced Concrete Building ◽

Design Spectrum ◽

Nw Turkey ◽

Concrete Building

The Marmara Region (NW Turkey) has experienced significant earthquakes (M > 7.0) to date. A destructive earthquake is also expected in the region. To determine the effect of the specific design spectrum, eleven provinces located in the region were chosen according to the Turkey Earthquake Building Code updated in 2019. Additionally, the differences between the previous and updated regulations of the country were investigated. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) were obtained for each province by using earthquake ground motion levels with 2%, 10%, 50%, and 68% probability of exceedance in 50-year periods. The PGA values in the region range from 0.16 to 0.7 g for earthquakes with a return period of 475 years. For each province, a sample of a reinforced-concrete building having two different numbers of stories with the same ground and structural characteristics was chosen. Static adaptive pushover analyses were performed for the sample reinforced-concrete building using each province’s design spectrum. The variations in the earthquake and structural parameters were investigated according to different geographical locations. It was determined that the site-specific design spectrum significantly influences target displacements for performance-based assessments of buildings due to seismicity characteristics of the studied geographic location.

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