scholarly journals Comparative Characterization of the Cellular Composition of the Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) Hematopoietic Organs during the Spawning Season and the Period of Reproductive Inactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Andreyeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Hematopoietic Organ ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Organs

Hematopoiesis in teleosts has a number of characteristics that are not fully understood. In the present work, the cellular composition of the hematopoietic organs (head kidney and spleen) of the black scorpionfish during the spawning season and the period of reproductive inactivity was studied using light microscopy. The morphology and the percentage of blood cells were described. The head kidney was shown to be the main hematopoietic organ of the black scorpionfish: immature blood cells of all hematopoietic lines at the different stages of differentiation were observed there. They were divided into 3 clusters depending on the average cell diameter. Lymphocytes, thrombocytes and colony-forming cells, the precursors for all types of blood cells, were observed within the cluster of small cells. The intermediate-size cluster comprised blast forms (erythroblasts and blasts of white blood cells). The large-size cluster consisted of maturing granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and mature erythrocytes. The spleen mainly contained mature erythrocytes, showing signs of senescence, and erythrocyte ghosts. Therefore, it was concluded that the spleen of the black scorpionfish performs the function of depositing and utilizing erythrocytes. The study also demonstrated the seasonal dynamics of hematopoiesis. The increase in the number of erythroblasts was recorded in the head kidney of spawning individuals. Erythroblasts were also found in the spleen, in spite of their total absence in the reproductively inactive fish. Consequently, the spleen of the black scorpionfish is an organ of secondary erythropoiesis, which functions when the hematopoietic capacity of the kidneys is insufficient

scholarly journals Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Nombela-Arrieta ◽  
Markus G. Manz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Spatial Logic ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.

scholarly journals Cell composition of the head kidney of European chub (Squalius cephalus L. )

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kondera
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Lineage ◽  
European Chub ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to perform quantitative and qualitative evaluations of developing blood cells in the head kidney of European chub, Squalius cephalus (L.). Twenty-one types of hematopoietic precursors and mature cells were identified in head kidneys isolated from ten juvenile fish. The lymphoid lineage was the most abundant, followed by granuloid, erythroid, thrombocytoid, blast, and monocytoid cells. The lymphocyte was the most frequently occurring cell in the kidney and the most numerous of the lymphoid cells. The neutrophilic lineage was the most numerous among the granuloid cells. The erythropoietic series comprised five stages (erythroblasts: basophilic, polychromatic, orthochromatic; young and mature erythrocytes), more than the numbers of developmental stages of any other lineages. Juvenile cells were more abundant than mature stages in the head kidney. Only mature eosinophils and thrombocytes were found in chub hematopoietic tissue. The cellular composition in chub hematopoietic tissue was similar to that in other fish species.

The intracellular pH of white blood cells: measurement and regulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Grinstein
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tumor Promoters ◽  
Cytoplasmic Ph ◽  
Intracellular Ph Regulation

This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular pH regulation, with particular emphasis on Na+–H+ countertransport. Methods developed for the measurement of cytoplasmic pH in small cells and their application to mammalian lymphocytes and neutrophils are described. The basic properties of the Na+–H+ antiport in these cells and its regulation by growth factors and tumor promoters will be discussed briefly. Finally, the significance of cytoplasmic pH regulation to cell function and survival will be considered.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF CENTRAL ORGANS OF BREAM (ABRAMIS BRAMA (L.)) LARVAE HEMATOPOIESIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Diana Rafailevna Svetasheva ◽  
Maria Pavlovna Grushko ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Van
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Bream Abramis Brama ◽  
Hematopoietic Organs ◽  
The Impact

The article dwells upon physiological and morphological studies of fish carried out on a large scale, due to the need to control their reproduction and assess the impact of living conditions on the body of fish. Currently, a large amount of data on hematopoietic organs and the formation of blood cells in fish have been accumulated, but the facts are quite contradictory. At the same time, the state of the hematopoietic system can be justified only according to histogenesis of hematopoietic organs. From the results of examining reticular intercanal tissue of the head kidney (pronephros) of bream, a typical representative of bony fish, it can be inferred that pronephros is one of the main hemopoietic organs, in which the process of developing red blood cells and leukocytes takes place, with the majority of cells accounted for blood cells of erythropoietic series. Pronephros loses its excretory function in the early stages of ontogenesis. Throughout its development pronephros is presented as a dense formation, in the intercanal tissue of which there is reticular tissue with numerous hematopoietic elements. Active hematopoiesis occurs in mesonephros (trunk kidney) of bream larvae. The study of the morphophysiology of mesonephros in ontogenesis showed that this organ forms blood elements of all series, with more than half of the hematopoietic elements accounted for erythropoietic cells. The excretory function of the trunk kidney is maintained throughout the whole period of the organ developing. Thus, mesonephros of bream is also one of the main organs of hematopoiesis represented by a paired organ which stretches along the spine.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

White blood cells levels and PCOS: direct and indirect relationship with insulin resistance, but not with hyperandogenemia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Papalou ◽  
Sarantis Livadas ◽  
Athanasios Karachalios ◽  
Nektarios Benetatos ◽  
George Boutzios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Endogenous Heparinoids Detected by anti-Xa Activity are Present in Blood during Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis. A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Triantos ◽  
Emmanuel Louvros ◽  
Maria Kalafateli ◽  
Anne Riddell ◽  
Ulrich Thalheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Variceal Bleeding ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Ulcer Bleeding ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis

Background & Aims: Endogenous heparinoids have been detected by thromboelastography and quantified by clotting based anti-Xa activity assays in patients with cirrhosis, but their presence in variceal bleeding has not been established yet.Methods: Clotting based anti-Xa activity was measured in A) 30 cirrhotics with variceal bleeding, B) 15 noncirrhotics with peptic ulcer bleeding, C) 10 cirrhotics without infection or bleeding, and D) 10 cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ulcer bleeders or in cirrhotics without infection or bleedingbut was present in seven (23%) variceal bleeders (median levels: 0.03 u/mL (0.01-0.07)) and was quantifiable for 3 days in six of seven patients. Four of seven variceal bleeders with anti-Xa activity present had HCC (p=0.023). Age, creatinine, platelet count and total infections the second day from admission were significantly correlated with the presence of measureable anti-Xa levels (p=0.014, 0.032, 0.004 and 0.019, respectively). In the HCC group, anti-Xa activity was present in three patients (30%) [median levels: 0.05 u/mL (0.01-0.06)].Conclusions: In this study, variceal bleeders and 30% of the patients with HCC had endogenous heparinoids that were detected by a clotting based anti-Xa activity assay, whereas there was no anti Xa activity present in patients with cirrhosis without infection, or bleeding or HCC, nor in those with ulcer bleeding. Thus, the anti-Xa activity is likely to be a response to bacterial infection and/or presence of HCC in cirrhosis.List of abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CP, Child-Pugh; FXa, activated factor X; GAGS, glycosaminoglycans; Hb, hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, International normalized ratio; LMWHs, low molecular weight heparins; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, sponataneous bacterial peritonitis; TEG, thromboelastography; WBC, white blood cells.

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