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Author(s):  
Ol’ga V. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
Elizaveta S. Ovcharenko ◽  
Eduard V. Kasparov ◽  
Vera V. Fefelova ◽  
...  

Parameters of physical development are known to be informative indicators of health status and adaptation processes, as well as markers of social, hygienic and environmental well-being both in healthy children and those with various pathological conditions. The purpose of this article was to study the characteristics of the physical status of children with intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods. We examined 168 children of primary school age (7–11 years) studying in secondary schools of Krasnoyarsk. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first group included 54 children with intellectual disability (F70, F71 according to ICD-10), the second group included 114 children without intellectual disability. Anthropometric characteristics and level of physical development were studied taking into account regional centile tables. The harmony of physical development was assessed using the Quetelet index. Results. The physical development of children with intellectual disability is characterized by a lag in anthropometric characteristics compared with intellectually healthy children: body length was 133.0 and 137.3 cm (p = 0.048), head circumference 51.0 and 52.5 cm (p = 0.002) respectively. The first group also had a statistically significantly lower percentage of children with harmonious physical development (37 %, p = 0.045) against the background of pronounced disharmony (underweight in 31.5 %, excess body weight in 31.5 % of children) compared to their healthy peers (harmonious development in 55 %, underweight in 16 %, overweight in 29 % of children). Further research into the constitution of children with intellectual disability can form the basis for the development of corrective measures, taking into account the specific typological characteristics of children in this group. For citation: Smirnova O.V., Ovcharenko E.S., Kasparov E.V., Fefelova V.V. Physical Status of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disability Living in the City of Krasnoyarsk. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 385–393. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z076


Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Ishekova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr N. Ishekov ◽  
Nadezhda A. Goryannaya

The aim of this study was to determine the functional state of the affected hip joint after hip arthroplasty and to analyse patients’ quality of life during rehabilitation. Materials and methods. The study involved patients with 3rd degree hip osteoarthritis that underwent hip replacement. The research was conducted in three stages: 1) before the operation; 2) early postoperative rehabilitation period (10th – 12th day after the operation); 3) late recovery rehabilitation period (10th – 12th week after the operation). At stages 1 and 2, we examined 140 people (mean age 57.0 ± 9.0 years), at stage 3, 43 patients (mean age 55.81 ± 7.8 years). At all three stages, the patients’ hip range of motion, hip circumference and strength endurance of the affected limb were determined. The function of the hip joint was evaluated using the Harris Hip Score, and the quality of life was estimated with the help of the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. The research revealed that during the rehabilitation period, the range of motion increased significantly, hip flexion being restored best of all. Moreover, we observed a statistically significant increase in strength endurance. However, not all indicators reached normal values by the end of the research. The patients’ quality of life improved due to better physical functioning, general health and vitality as well as lower pain intensity. However, we observed no progress in role functioning due to the emotional state. Evaluation according to the Harris Hip Score showed that before the operation 78.6 % of the patients had unsatisfactory joint function, while during the late rehabilitation period, only 20.9 %, which indicates the treatmentʼs effectiveness. For citation: Ishekova N.I., Ishekov A.N., Goryannaya N.A. Dynamics of the Functional State of the Hip Joint and Quality of Life in Patients After Hip Replacement (During Rehabilitation). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 426–434. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z080


Author(s):  
Tat’yana A. Fisher ◽  
◽  
Svetlana S. Kolyvanova

The aim of this paper was to study changes in the haemodynamic and psychophysiological parameters of working age men as a result of repeated exposure to contrasting temperatures, depending on the type of autonomic regulation. Materials and methods. The research involved 14 men (aged 34.77 ± 5.66 years; office workers) divided into two groups according to Kérdö index: those with the sympathetic (n = 8) and parasympathetic (n = 6) types of self-regulation. Cold conditioning followed a certain plan of exposure to contrasting temperatures. The haemodynamic and psychophysiological parameters as well as adaptive potential were assessed 20 minutes before and 20 minutes after the exposure (alternating temperature cycles). We examined the following parameters: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, vascular resistance, and adaptive potential according to Baevsky. Integral psychophysiological parameters were determined using the Lüscher express method. Results. Subjects with predominance of sympathetic regulation both before and after the exposure to contrasting temperatures had higher values of heart rate and cardiac output and lower vascular resistance than the parasympathicotonic group. Individuals with predominance of parasympathetic regulation showed decreased cardiac output and a significant increase in vascular resistance after the exposure compared with the initial data. We found statistically significant differences in the integral parameters “heteronomy/autonomy” and “balance of personal traits” between the groups under study before the conditioning procedures. The research indicates that repeated exposure to contrasting temperatures not only affects the haemodynamic parameters, but also changes the psychophysiological parameters, motivated behaviour in particular. For citation: Fisher T.A., Kolyvanova S.S. Effect of Repeated Exposure to Contrasting Temperatures on the Body of Working Age Men with Different Types of Autonomic Regulation. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 394–404. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z077


Author(s):  
Evgeniya G. Dmitrieva ◽  

This paper studies the characteristics of the myocardial bridges and the anterior interventricular artery in people aged 22–75 years using a histological method. Histological sections were made from three segments of the artery: proximal to the bridge, intramural and distal to the bridge. We found no differences in thickness of myocardial bridges, cross-sectional area of the perivascular space, as well as ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the perivascular space and intramural segment between the groups of hearts with coronary atherosclerosis (n = 7) and without it (n = 7). In subjects with coronary atherosclerosis, the cross-sectional area of the artery wall in the segment proximal to the bridge was larger than that in the group without atherosclerosis due to increased intima thickness. However, no changes in the lumen of the artery were observed. For citation: Dmitrieva E.G. Characteristics of Human Myocardial Bridges in Health and in Coronary Atherosclerosis. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 454–458. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z083


Author(s):  
Viktoriya B. Yarysheva ◽  
◽  
Dar’ya Z. Shibkova ◽  
Pavel A. Bayguzhin ◽  
Vadim V. Erlikh

Success of adaptive changes in young athletes in response to training and competition loads is predicted on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the state of critical body systems, primarily, the cardiovascular system. The aim of this paper was to determine sex- and age-related features of the morphofunctional parameters of the heart in young skaters and to identify the relationships that determine their adaptation to speed skating. Materials and methods. The research (with informed consent) included 49 athletes of both sexes with the rank of the First-Class Sportsman. The subjects were divided by age and sex into four subgroups: boys aged 13–15 and 16–18 years; girls aged 13–15 and 16–18 years. We performed electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and echocardiographic examination at rest in line with the existing protocols. Results. According to the screening of intra-system correlations between ECG and echocardiography contour analysis parameters, the following proved to be of prognostic significance: QT interval duration, heart rate and alpha angle for girls aged 13–15 years; duration of atrial excitation and pulmonary artery diameter for boys aged 13–15 years; ejection fraction and cardiac cycle duration for girls aged 16–18 years; duration of atrial excitation, which has four correlations with echocardiographic parameters, for boys aged 16–18 years. The revealed features of the structure of intra-system relationships between 21 morphofunctional parameters of the cardiovascular system are determined in the first age group (13–15 years) by athlete’s sex, while in the second age group (16–18 years) by sex and type of sport. For citation: Yarysheva V.B., Shibkova D.Z., Bayguzhin P.A., Erlikh V.V. Sex- and Age-Related Features of Interrelations Between Structural and Functional Parameters of the Heart in Junior Speed Skaters. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 405–416. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z078


Author(s):  
Marina A. Popova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra E. Shcherbakova ◽  
Rinat R. Karimov ◽  

The purpose of this research was to analyse the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous systems in young emergency physicians working in the northern region. Materials and methods. We examined 33 emergency physicians of a multidisciplinary hospital in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra aged 25 to 43 years (19 men and 14 women). The functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed using the method of simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and criteria developed by T.D. Loskutova – system’s functional level (SFL), reaction stability (RS) and level of functional abilities (LFA) – as well as attention stability, working memory and Whipple’s accuracy index. The state of autonomic regulation was evaluated according to the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during active orthostatic test (AOT). Results. We found that male emergency physicians have higher rates of psychomotor reactions, SFL, RS, and LFA than their female colleagues. SVMR showed pathological reactions of the CNS in subjects of both sexes. The body’s adaptive capabilities due to autonomic regulation were preserved in most emergency physicians. However, a pathological response to AOT was found in both men and women. The pathological basis for impaired autonomic regulation and the development of maladaptive reactions in the subjects was a deterioration of the current functional state of the body, excessive activation of the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation. Responses to AOT in male emergency physicians were accompanied by a decrease in the total power (TP) of the HRV spectrum by 24.7 %, and an increase in low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio by a factor of 2.6; while in female doctors, by a decrease in TP by 11.5 % and an increase in LF/HF ratio by a factor of 1.7. The median of 30/15 coefficient was 1.48 for men and 1.45 for women. Thus, in the course of professional selection of doctors to provide emergency care under unfavourable climatic conditions of the North, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the central nervous system and autonomic regulation to identify a risk group with impaired adaptation mechanisms. For citation: Popova M.A., Scherbakova A.E., Karimov R.R. Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 374–384. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z075


Author(s):  
Kseniya A. Pazinenko ◽  
◽  
Natalʼya N. Chuchkova ◽  
Marina V. Smetanina

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a comparative experimental study of the anti-inflammatory effects of tautomeric forms of orotic acid in the correction of drug-induced hepatitis in rats. Materials and Methods. A total of 40 rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (n = 10); intervention group with drug-induced hepatitis (n = 15); animals with drug-induced hepatitis who were injected with orotic acid (ОА) tautomers: initial oxo-form (n = 5), hydroxy-form (n = 5) and dihydroxyform (n = 5) at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight a day in the course of 14 days. The tautomers were obtained by mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill AGO-2C for 1 (hydroxy-form) and 6 (dihydroxyform) hours. In the blood of animals of all experimental groups, the content of leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes was determined. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess the histo- and cytostructure of the tissues, and immunohistochemically using a set of monoclonal antibodies to detect the expression of the CD68+ macrophage marker. Results. It was found that when correcting drug-induced hepatitis with the hydroxy-form of OA, the severity of leuko- and monocytosis decreased and the number of lymphocytes was restored. The number of CD68+ macrophages with a pro-inflammatory phenotype decreased in the group receiving the hydroxy-form of OA (by a factor of 1.32; p = 0.019), but remained unchanged at the administration of oxo- and dihydroxy-forms of OA. The intensity of reaction product expression decreased by a factor of 1.5 in the group administered with the initial drug and by a factor of 1.9 in animals administered with mechanically activated drugs (p = 0.0001). Thus, the obtained data indicate a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroxyform of OA, which can substantiate its use as a hepatoprotective agent. For citation: Pazinenko K.A., Chuchkova N.N., Smetanina M.V. Tautomers of the Orotate Anion Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Correction of Drug-Induced Hepatitis in Rats. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 366–373. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z074


Author(s):  
Lev I. Irzhak ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda G. Russkikh ◽  
Aleksandra N. Parshukova

The purpose of this article was to determine the effect of the clinostatic test on the electrical properties of the myocardium in older adults leading an active lifestyle. Materials and methods. The study involved 38 people aged between 70 and 90 years living in a northern city (Syktyvkar, 61°N) and leading an active lifestyle. The indicators of the electrical properties of the cardiac muscle were determined before and after the clinostatic test. For this purpose, an ECG was recorded in the standard lead II in the standing and lying positions. Results. Using the method of paired comparisons, we showed a decrease in heart rate under the influence of the clinostatic test from 76 ± 10 beats/min to 64 ± 10 beats/min. The variability of ECG components according to pNN50 (the percentage of successive NN intervals differing from each other by more than 50 ms) in older adults in the standing position was, on average, two times lower than in the lying position. The PP interval increased from 0.81 ± 0.12 s (in the standing position) to 0.90 ± 0.10 s (in the lying position). The PT interval remained practically unchanged, staying at the level of (0.46 ± 0.07) – (0.49 ± 0.07) s. The TP segment grew from 0.35 to 0.42 ± 0.10 s. The RD amplitude was 1.04 ± 0.43 mV in the standing and 0.88 ± 0.30 mV in the lying position; the propagation rate of depolarization in the cardiac muscle was 245 ± 137 and 205 ± 106 mm/s, respectively. In addition, the paper discussed the mechanism of opposite reactions to the clinostatic test, i.e. increasing duration of cardiointervals and decreasing amplitude indicators. For citation: Irzhak L.I., Russkikh N.G., Parshukova A.N. Variability of Time and Amplitude ECG Indicators in Older Adults. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 355–365. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z073


Author(s):  
Elena V. Korobitsyna ◽  
◽  
Andrey B. Gudkov ◽  
Ol’ga N. Popova ◽  
Yuliya F. Shcherbina ◽  
...  

This paper studied the physiological response of the human circulatory system to local cooling of the feet. The research involved young men (n = 27) and women (n = 30) aged between 17 and 20 years, born and permanently living in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk). SIMONA 111 integrated monitoring system was used. We found that stimulation of peripheral temperature-sensitive receptors of the foot skin at local cooling causes a decrease in heart contractility in both sexes, while young women demonstrate greater sensitivity to the cold factor than young men. For citation: Korobitsyna E.V., Gudkov A.B., Popova O.N., Shcherbina Yu.F. Myocardial Contractility in Young People During Cold Exposure of the Foot. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 459–462. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z084


Author(s):  
Sergey A. Saburtsev ◽  
◽  
Pavel G. Chemodanov

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079


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