To investigate the buckling behavior of thin and relatively thick cylindrical shape-memory shells, uniaxial compression tests are performed at a 295K initial temperature, using the CEAM/UCSD’s modified split Hopkinson bar systems and an Instron hydraulic testing machine. The quasi-static buckling response of the shells is directly observed and recorded using a digital camera with a close-up lens and two back mirrors. To document the dynamic buckling modes, a high-speed Imacon 200 framing camera is used. The shape-memory shells with an austenite-finish temperature of Af=281K, buckle gradually and gracefully in quasi-static loading, and fully recover upon unloading, showing a superelastic property, whereas when suitably annealed, the shells do not recover spontaneously upon unloading, but they do so once heated, showing a shape-memory effect. The thin shells had a common thickness of 0.125mm a common outer radius of 2.25mm (i.e., a common radius, R, to thickness, t, ratio, R∕t, of 18). A shell with the ratio of length, L, to diameter, D(L∕D) of 1.5 buckled under a quasi-static load by forming a nonsymmetric chessboard pattern, while with a L∕D of 1.95 the buckling started with the formation of symmetrical rings which then changed into a nonsymmetric chessboard pattern. A similar buckling mode is also observed under a dynamic loading condition for a shell with L∕D of 2. However, thicker shells, with 0.5mm thickness and radius 4mm(R∕t=8), buckled under a dynamic loading condition by the formation of a symmetrical ring pattern. For comparison, we have also tested shells of similar geometry but made of steel and aluminum. In the case of the steel shells with constrained end conditions, the buckling, which consists of nonsymmetric (no rings) folds (chessboard patterns), is sudden and catastrophic, and involves no recovery upon unloading. The gradual buckling of the shape-memory shells is associated with the stress-induced martensite formation and seems to have a profound effect on the unstable deformations of thin structures made from shape-memory alloys.
Size Effect Analysis of Scale Test Model for High-speed Railway Foundation under Dynamic Loading Condition
