scholarly journals Effect of Sulfur on Nitrogen-Containing Plasma Polymers in Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Kim Shyong Siow ◽  
Arifah Rahman ◽  
Amnani Aminuddin ◽  
Pei Yuen Ng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Plasma Polymers ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The role of sulfur and its synergistic effects with nitrogen moieties in mediating stem cell proliferation and differentiation has become of interest to the tissue engineering community due to chemical similarities with the glycosaminoglycans found in human tissues and cells. Glycosaminoglycans are biomolecules known to influence stem cell differentiation, but the roles of sulfur with different oxidation states on nitrogen-containing polymers have not been fully understood nor investigated. In this study, we used the plasma polymerization of 1,7-octadiene (ppOD), n-heptylamine (ppHA), ppHA grafted with vinyl-sulfonate via Michael-type addition (ppHA-SO3), thiophene (ppT), and ppT with air plasma treatment (ppT-air) to produce controlled amounts of nitrogen and sulfur moieties having different oxidation states, as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Assays of the proliferation and osteogenic activities of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) showed the highest activities for ppHA, followed by ppHA-SO3, due to high percentages of amines/amides and the absence of SO3 moieties in ppHA. Other plasma polymers showed less proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than the positive control (glass substrate); however, WJ-MSCs grown on ppT-air with its high percentages of SO4 displayed cytoskeletons intensified with actin stress fiber, unlike the thiol-dominated ppT. Finally, the presence of methyl groups in ppOD severely limited WJ-MSCs proliferation and differentiation. Overall, these results confirm the beneficial effects of amine/amide groups on WJ-MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, but the combination of these groups with sulfur of various oxidation states failed to further enhance such cellular activities.

A Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Derived 3D Osteogenic Niche Allows for Cord Blood Stem Cell Attachment

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4813-4813
Author(s):  
Omar S. Aljitawi ◽  
Peggy Keefe ◽  
Lindsey Ott ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Abstract 4813 Background: Most of umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cell ex vivo expansion methods have led to UCB stem cell differentiation instead of their self-renewal. Evidence suggests that bone osteoblastic cells are responsible, through physical contact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), for the maintenance of long-term HSCs. Aims: To develop a 3 dimensional (3D) osteogenic structure that provides a niche for UCB stem cells and secondarily, assess the ability of this structure, in addition, to a cocktail of cytokines to expand UCB stem cells.> Methods: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated form Wharton's Jelly (WJ) were seeded into biodegradable scaffolds followed by osteogenic differentiation induction using osteogenic differentiation media for up to 4 and 6 weeks to develop a 4-week and a 6-week osteogenic scaffolds, respectively. CD34+ selected UCB stem cells were expanded on a monolayer of WJMSCs using a cocktail of cytokines for one week, following which the monolayer and expanded CD34+ UCB stem cells were trypsinized and added to the 4-week and 6-week 3D osteogenic scaffolds (3D conditions), or plated again in culture flask (2D conditions). Pre- and post-expansion total nucleated cell counts were determined and flow cytometry was used to assess the phenotype of the expanded population. Results: Osteogenic differentiation was successfully induced in 3D scaffolds as evident by Alizarin-red staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular testing. UCB stem cell attachment to the osteogenic scaffold was verified by SEM. TNCs were expanded 10X in 2D and 200X in 3D conditions. However, the percentage of CD34+ cells was 5.31% and 4.91% in 2D, and 2.98% and 1.14% in 4-week and 6-week 3D conditions, respectively. Conclusion: Attachment of CD34+ UCB stem cells to 3D osteogenic scaffold allowed for their expansion, though the majority of the expanded cells lost their CD34 expression possibly secondary to their differentiation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Zajdel ◽  
Magdalena Kałucka ◽  
Edyta Kokoszka-Mikołaj ◽  
Adam Wilczok
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Alp Activity

Induced osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may provide an important tool for bone injures treatment. Human umbilical cord and adipose tissue are routinely discarded as clinical waste and may be used as uncontroversial MSCs sources. It still remains to be verified which source of MSCs is the most suitable for bone regeneration.The aim of this research was to investigate the osteogenic potential of human MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) and Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord (WJ-MSCs) differentiated under the same conditions.Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was detected and quantified by ARS staining for calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteocalcin (OC) secretion measurements. Under osteogenic conditions the measured ALP activity and calcium deposition were significantly higher in ASCs than in WJ-MSCs, while the OPG and OC secretion were higher in WJ-MSCs vs. ASCs. Low concentrations of OPG and high levels of OC in ASCs and WJ-MSCs, prove that these cells reached an advanced stage of the osteogenic differentiation. The levels of OC secreted by ASCs were lower than by WJ-MSCs what indicates that the differentiation process of the ASCs reached the stage when the extracellular matrix is overproduced and the down-regulation of OC begins.Both cell types, ASCs and WJ-MSCs possess potential to differentiate towards the osteogenic lineage. However, the observed differences in the levels of osteogenic markers suggest that ASCs may be better candidates for cell-based osteogenesis than WJ-MSCs.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Cellular Responses of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influenced by O2-Plasma-Modified and Unmodified Surface of Alkaline-Hydrolyzed 2D and 3D PCL Scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inthanon ◽  
Janvikul ◽  
Ongchai ◽  
Chomdej
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Differentiation Inducers ◽  
2D And 3D

Polycaprolactone (PCL), a hydrophobic-degradable polyester, has been widely investigated and extensively developed, to increase the biocompatibility for tissue engineering. This research was the first trial to evaluate the intrinsic biological responses of human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJMSCs) cultured on alkaline hydrolysis and low-pressure oxygen plasma modified 2D and 3D PCL scaffolds, without adding any differentiation inducers; this has not been reported before. Four types of the substrate were newly established: 2D plasma-treated PCL (2D-TP), 2D non-plasma-treated PCL (2D-NP), 3D plasma-treated PCL (3D-TP), and 3D non-plasma-treated PCL (3D-NP). Physicochemical characterization revealed that only plasma-treated PCL scaffolds significantly increased the hydrophilicity and % oxygen/carbon ratio on the surfaces. The RMS roughness of 3D was higher than 2D conformation, whilst the plasma-treated surfaces were rougher than the non-plasma treated ones. The cytocompatibility test demonstrated that the 2D PCLs enhanced the initial cell attachment in comparison to the 3Ds, indicated by a higher expression of focal adhesion kinase. Meanwhile, the 3Ds promoted cell proliferation and migration as evidence of higher cyclin-A expression and filopodial protrusion, respectively. The 3Ds potentially protected the cell from apoptosis/necrosis but also altered the pluripotency/differentiation-related gene expression. In summary, the different configuration and surface properties of PCL scaffolds displayed the significant potential and effectiveness for facilitating stem cell growth and differentiation in vitro. The cell–substrate interactions on modified surface PCL may provide some information which could be further applied in substrate architecture for stem cell accommodation in cell delivery system for tissue repair.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Feline Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Seo ◽  
Kyung-Ku Kang ◽  
Se-Kyung Oh ◽  
Soo-Eun Sung ◽  
Kil-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Wharton’s jelly is a well-known mesenchymal stem cell source in many species, including humans. However, there have been no reports confirming the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton’s jelly in cats. The purpose of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the Wharton’s jelly of cats and to characterize stem cells. In this study, feline Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fWJ-MSCs) were isolated and successfully cultured. fWJ-MSCs were maintained and the proliferative potential was measured by cumulative population doubling level (CPDL) test, scratch test, and colony forming unit (CFU) test. Stem cell marker, karyotyping and immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry showed that fWJ-MSCs possessed characteristic mesenchymal stem cell markers. To confirm the differentiation potential, we performed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction under each differentiation condition. fWJ-MSCs has the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, including osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. This study shows that Wharton’s jelly of cat can be a good source of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, fWJ-MSCs may be useful for stem cell-based therapeutic applications in feline medicine.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Feline Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Seo ◽  
Kyung-Ku Kang ◽  
Se-Kyung Oh ◽  
Soo-Eun Sung ◽  
Kil-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background Wharton’s jelly is a well-known mesenchymal stem cell source in many species, including human. However, there have been no reports confirming the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in wharton’s jelly in cats. The purpose of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from wharton’s jelly of cats and to characterize stem cells. Result In this study, Feline wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fWJ-MSCs) were isolated and successfully cultured. fWJ-MSCs were maintained and the proliferative potential was measured by cumulative population doubling level (CPDL) test, scratch test and colony forming unit (CFU) test. Stem cell marker, karyotyping and immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry showed that fWJ-MSCs possessed characteristic mesenchymal stem cell markers. To confirm the differentiation potential, we performed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction under each differentiation condition. fWJ-MSC has the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages including osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions This study shows that wharton’s jelly of cat can be a good source of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, fWJ-MSC may be useful for stem cell-based therapeutic applications in feline medicine.

scholarly journals Repair of Osteochondral Defects Using Human Umbilical Cord Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rabbit Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyun Liu ◽  
Yanhui Jia ◽  
Mei Yuan ◽  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Jingxiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJMSC) is a new-found mesenchymal stem cell in recent years with multiple lineage potential. Due to its abundant resources, no damage procurement, and lower immunogenicity than other adult MSCs, WJMSC promises to be a good xenogenous cell candidate for tissue engineering. This in vivo pilot study explored the use of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) containing a tissue engineering construct xenotransplant in rabbits to repair full-thickness cartilage defects in the femoral patellar groove. We observed orderly spatial-temporal remodeling of hWJMSCs into cartilage tissues during repair over 16 months, with characteristic architectural features, including a hyaline-like neocartilage layer with good surface regularity, complete integration with adjacent host cartilage, and regenerated subchondral bone. No immune rejection was detected when xenograft hWJMSCs were implanted into rabbit cartilage defects. The repair results using hWJMSCs were superior to those of chondrogenically induced hWJMSCs after assessing gross appearance and histological grading scores. These preliminary results suggest that using novel undifferentiated hWJMSCs as seed cells might be a better approach than using transforming growth factor-β-induced differentiated hWJMSCs for in vivo tissue engineering treatment of cartilage defects. hWJMSC allografts may be promising for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Osteogenic Response of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Analysed Using Combined Intracellular and Extracellular Metabolomic Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Extracellular Metabolite ◽  
Osteogenic Response

Background/Aims: The skeleton is a metabolically active organ undergoing continuous remodelling initiated by mesenchymal progenitors present in bone and bone marrow. Under certain pathological conditions this remodelling balance shifts towards increased resorption resulting in weaker bone microarchitecture, and there is consequently a therapeutic need to identify pathways that could inversely enhance bone formation from stem cells. Metabolomics approaches recently applied to stem cell characterisation could help identify new biochemical markers involved in osteogenic differentiation. Methods: Combined intra- and extracellular metabolite profiling was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergoing osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Using a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses, changes in metabolite and nutrient concentration were monitored in cultures under osteogenic treatment over 10 days. Results: A subset of differentially detected compounds was identified in differentiating cells, suggesting a direct link to metabolic processes involved in osteogenic response. Conclusion: These results highlight new metabolite candidates as potential biomarkers to monitor stem cell differentiation towards the bone lineage.

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