scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacy of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
Augusto Ramírez-Godoy ◽  
Gina Puentes-Pérez ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Forest Conditions

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the insect vector of the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most devastating disease of citrus crops in the world. The Asian citrus psyllid was officially reported in Colombia in 2007, and a national phytosanitary emergency was declared because of the presence of HLB in 2015. Two different experiments were carried out in two locations (Apulo and Jerusalén, Department of Cundinamarca) in Colombia to evaluate the effectiveness of neonicotinoid (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxan) and pyrethroid applications (bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin) on the control of D. citri populations (adults, nymphs and eggs) in ‘Tahiti’ lime trees established under tropical dry forest conditions. In the first experiment, trees were foliarly treated as follows: (1) untreated trees; (2) trees treated with 100 g ha-1 of imidacloprid; (3) trees treated with 60 g ha-1 of bifenthrin; (4) trees treated with 12.5 g ha-1 of deltamethrin and (5) trees treated with a co-formulation of 70 g ha-1 of a neonicotinoid (thiametoxan) and 53 g ha-1 of a pyrethroid (lambda cyhalothrin). In the second experiment, trees were treated with 100 g ha-1 of clothianidin. Foliar insecticide applications were carried out at 0 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatments (WAT). In the first trial, the control presented a mean number of individuals per flush of ≈1.14, whereas the trees treated with neoinicotinoids and pyrethroids showed 50% fewer individuals (0.53-0.61). For the population of immatures, the number of nymphs was 2.25 nymphs per flush in the control, as compared to 0.82-1.22 individuals observed in the treatments with insecticides. The mean number of eggs was also between 80-100% higher in the control trees (2.37 individuals), as compared to the treated trees (1.14-1.78). In the second trial, the use of clothianidin showed a higher control of eggs. The results suggest that the rotation of neonicotinoids with pyrethroids can be a tool to reduce populations and delay resistance processes in D. citri in citrus trees established under tropical dry forest conditions in Colombia.

scholarly journals Symbiotic Fungus Affected the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Resistance to Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuyong Yi ◽  
Ling Lei ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Jianglan Yi ◽  
Lingguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linear Correlations

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a notorious Rutaceae plant pest. Frequent and extensive use of pesticides has resulted in severe insecticide resistance in ACP populations. Fully understanding the mechanism of ACP resistance to pesticides is vital for us to control or delay the development of resistance. Therefore, we compared the difference in resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam between Hunan (Yongzhou, Chenzhou) and Guangdong (Guangzhou) ACP populations and analyzed the correlations between the resistance level and genes and symbiotic fungi. The results showed that the resistance of the Guangdong ACP population to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was lower than that of Hunan ACP population, and the relative expression of genes associated with P450 mono-oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase was significantly lower in the Guangdong ACP population than in Hunan ACP population. The differences of mean relative abundances of four symbiotic bacteria among three populations were marginally significant; however, the mean relative abundance of 16 fungi among three populations was significantly different, and positive linear correlations were observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans) and two genes (CYP4C70 and CYP4DB1). Negative correlations were only observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Golubevia pallescens and Acremonium sclerotigenum). Moreover, four fungi were unique to the Chenzhou population which was the highest resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. These findings suggested the P450 mono-oxygenase and symbiotic fungi together affected ACP resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. In the future, we may use environmental G. pallescens and A. sclerotigenum to control or delay ACP resistance.

scholarly journals Leaf beetles attracted to light in a tropical dry forest of northern Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Dugesiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Sara López Pérez ◽  
◽  
Geovanni M. Rodríguez-Mirón ◽  
Magdalena Ordóñez Reséndiz ◽  
Santiago Zaragoza Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Temporal Abundance ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Determining Factor

This is the first study of the composition of leaf beetles attracted to light in Mexico. We analyze the richness, temporal abundance and similarity between four localities of tropical dry forest in Sierra de San Javier, Sonora. A total of 3217 individuals belonging to 45 morphospecies, 31 genera and 10 tribes within five subfamilies of Chrysomelidae were collected in light traps in the tropical dry forest of Sierra de San Javier, Sonora. Galerucinae was the subfamily with the greatest number of genera and species. The genera with the highest number of species were Pachybrachis Chevrolat and Alagoasa Bechyné. Eight genera were represented by two species and 21 genera by only one species. Metrioidea rugipennis (Blake) was the species with the highest number of individuals (80% of the abundance recorded). According to the taxonomic and species similarity analysis, the sites San Javier and La Barranca had the highest similarity, while the lowest values were recorded at Rancho Las Peñitas and Cañón de Lo de Campa. The low similarity between sites cannot be explained by the geographic distance since it was not a determining factor to explain the low similarity in Sierra de San Javier.

scholarly journals Potential for nutrient contribution from litter in a seasonally dry forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Fredson Bezerra Lopes ◽  
Eunice Maia Andrade ◽  
Lindbergue Araújo Crisóstomo ◽  
Meilla Marielle Araújo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Seasonally Dry Forest ◽  
Semi Arid

Litter is the most important way of transferring essential elements from vegetation to the soil. This is due to nutrient cycling, a process by which decomposition of the litter adds nutrients to the soil. An understanding of this process goes beyond the need for knowledge of nutrient dynamics, since it is a question of understanding the way in which ecosystems function in the search for a correct use of natural resources. The aim of this study was to quantify the average concentrations of the following nutrients: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and Organic Carbon (C) in litter remaining in an area of tropical dry forest - Caatinga. The work was carried out on the Elias Andrade Private Natural Heritage Reserve (PNHR) of the Irmãos Andrade Farm, located in the semi-arid region of the State of Ceará. In February 2009, 48 nylon litter bags were randomly distributed, each containing 30 g of litter collected in the area of the Reserve. Every two months, from February 2009 to January 2011, four bags were randomly collected. Over time, variations were seen in the average levels of N, P and K for the litter in the nylon bags. The nutrient with the greatest contribution to the system from the litter was Nitrogen, followed by K and P. The highest N content occurred at the beginning of the experiment. The C content decreased over the study period. The mean C to N ratio of the litter was 21, which was in the borderline range between the processes of mineralisation and immobilisation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wnt Signaling Genes in Diaphorina citri, Asian citrus psyllid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Vosburg ◽  
Max Reynolds ◽  
Rita Noel ◽  
Teresa Shippy ◽  
Prashant S Hosmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Manual Annotation ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Gene Models

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is an insect vector that transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of the Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease. This disease has devastated Florida's citrus industry and threatens California's industry as well as other citrus producing regions around the world. To find novel solutions to the disease, a better understanding of the vector is needed. The D. citri genome has been used to identify and characterize genes involved in Wnt signaling pathways. Wnt signaling is utilized for many important biological processes in metazoans, such as patterning and tissue generation. Curation based on RNA sequencing data and sequence homology confirm twenty four Wnt signaling genes within the D. citri genome, including homologs for beta-catenin, Frizzled receptors, and seven Wnt-ligands. Through phylogenetic analysis, we classify D. citri Wnt-ligands as Wg/Wnt1, Wnt5, Wnt6, Wnt7, Wnt10, Wnt11, and WntA. The D. citri version 3.0 genome with chromosomal length scaffolds reveals a conserved Wnt1-Wnt6-Wnt10 gene cluster with gene configuration similar to that in Drosophila melanogaster. These findings provide a greater insight into the evolutionary history of D. citri and Wnt signaling in this important hemipteran vector. Manual annotation was essential for identifying high quality gene models. These gene models can further be used to develop molecular systems, such as CRISPR and RNAi, that target and control D. citri populations, to manage the spread of HLB. Manual annotation of Wnt signaling pathways was done as part of a collaborative community annotation project (https://citrusgreening.org/annotation/index).

scholarly journals Diverse Array of New Viral Sequences Identified in Worldwide Populations of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) Using Viral Metagenomics

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 2434-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahideh Nouri ◽  
Nidá Salem ◽  
Jared C. Nigg ◽  
Bryce W. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Viral Metagenomics ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACTThe Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri, is the natural vector of the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease. Together; HLB andD. citrirepresent a major threat to world citrus production. As there is no cure for HLB, insect vector management is considered one strategy to help control the disease, andD. citriviruses might be useful. In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze viral sequences associated with the global population ofD. citri. By sequencing small RNAs and the transcriptome coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we showed that the virus-like sequences ofD. citriare diverse. We identified novel viral sequences belonging to the picornavirus superfamily, theReoviridae,Parvoviridae, andBunyaviridaefamilies, and an unclassified positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Moreover, aWolbachiaprophage-related sequence was identified. This is the first comprehensive survey to assess the viral community from worldwide populations of an agricultural insect pest. Our results provide valuable information on new putative viruses, some of which may have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents.IMPORTANCEInsects have the most species of all animals, and are hosts to, and vectors of, a great variety of known and unknown viruses. Some of these most likely have the potential to be important fundamental and/or practical resources. In this study, we used high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics analysis to identify putative viruses associated withDiaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid.D. citriis the vector of the bacterium causing Huanglongbing (HLB), currently the most serious threat to citrus worldwide. Here, we report several novel viral sequences associated withD. citri.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of diaphorin methanol monosolvate isolated from Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the insect vector of citrus greening disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marian Szebenyi ◽  
Irina Kriksunov ◽  
Kevin J. Howe ◽  
John S. Ramsey ◽  
David G. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Relative Configuration ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Curr Biol ◽  
Greening Disease

The title compound C22H39NO9·CH3OH [systematic name: (S)-N-((S)-{(2S,4R,6R)-6-[(S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl}(hydroxy)methyl)-2-hydroxy-2-[(2R,5R,6R)-2-methoxy-5,6-dimethyl-4-methylenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]acetamide methanol monosolvate], was isolated from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and crystallizes in the space group P21. `Candidatus Profftella armatura' a bacterial endosymbiont of D. citri, biosynthesizes diaphorin, which is a hybrid polyketide–nonribosomal peptide comprising two highly substituted tetrahydropyran rings joined by an N-acyl aminal bridge [Nakabachi et al. (2013). Curr. Biol. 23, 1478–1484]. The crystal structure of the title compound establishes the complete relative configuration of diaphorin, which agrees at all nine chiral centers with the structure of the methanol monosolvate of the di-p-bromobenzoate derivative of pederin, a biogenically related compound whose crystal structure was reported previously [Furusaki et al. (1968). Tetrahedron Lett. 9, 6301–6304]. Thus, the absolute configuration of diaphorin is proposed by analogy to that of pederin.

Variation in seed production of Jatropha curcas L. accessions under tropical dry forest conditions in Ecuador

New Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Cañadas-López ◽  
Diana Rade-Loor ◽  
Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade ◽  
J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Carlos Molina-Hidrovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Forest Conditions

scholarly journals Effects of insecticide and acaricide mixtures on Diaphorina citri control

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Franciosi Della Vechia ◽  
Daniel Junior de Andrade ◽  
Rafael Gomes de Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Abstract Pesticide mixtures are commonly used to reduce production costs in agriculture. However, the consequences of such practice towards target organisms are still unknown in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of combinations of insecticides and one worldwide used acaricide on the control of Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid). All insecticides alone (lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam, phosmet, and imidacloprid) and in combination with spirodiclofen were efficient in controlling D. citri (> 80%). No significant effects were found for combinations of lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam and phosmet insecticides with spirodiclofen. Conversely, imidacloprid caused an antagonistic effect on the control of D. citri when mixed with the acaricide. After all, spirodiclofen had no effect on the pH and electrical conductivity of insecticidal spray solutions. Spirodiclofen mixtures with lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam and phosmet had no effect on D. citri control, but combinations with imidacloprid interfered with it.

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