EVALUATION OF TRADITIONAL HUNGARIAN APPLE CULTIVARS AS SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO FIRE BLIGHT

2004 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kása ◽  
M. Hevesi ◽  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Contributions of Reduced Susceptibility Alleles in Breeding Apple Cultivars with Durable Resistance to Fire Blight

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Kostick ◽  
Soon Li Teh ◽  
Kate M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Short And Long Term

Breeding apple cultivars with durable genetic resistance is a potential long-term solution to fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is challenging due to E. amylovora strain virulence, differential host × strain interactions, quantitative host resistance, environmental influences on disease, and impacts of tree vigor on susceptibility. Inheritance of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is complex and phenotypic information alone is insufficient to guide breeding decisions targeting resistance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance/susceptibility to fire blight have been detected throughout the apple genome. Most resistance alleles at fire blight QTLs have been identified in wild Malus germplasm with poor fruit quality, which limits their breeding utility. Several QTLs have been identified in populations derived from cultivars and reduced-susceptibility alleles have been characterized in multiple important breeding parents. Although resistance to fire blight is an attractive target for DNA-informed breeding, relatively few trait-predictive DNA tests for breeding relevant fire blight QTLs are available. Here we discuss (1) considerations and challenges associated with phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight; (2) sources of resistance that have been identified for use as parents; and (3) our perspective on short and long-term strategies to breed apple cultivars with durable resistance to fire blight with emphasis on the potential contributions of reduced susceptibility alleles to achieve this goal.

Evaluation of old Carpathian apple cultivars as genetic resources of resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)

Trees ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdolna Tóth ◽  
Gitta Ficzek ◽  
Ildikó Király ◽  
Krisztina Honty ◽  
Mária Hevesi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Candidate gene mapping identifies genomic variations in the fire blight susceptibility genes HIPM and DIPM across the Malus germplasm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tegtmeier ◽  
Valerio Pompili ◽  
Jugpreet Singh ◽  
Diego Micheletti ◽  
Katchen Julliany Pereira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Candidate Gene Mapping ◽  
In Fire

Abstract Development of apple (Malus domestica) cultivars resistant to fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a priority for apple breeding programs. Towards this goal, the inactivation of members of the HIPM and DIPM gene families with a role in fire blight susceptibility (S genes) can help achieve sustainable tolerance. We have investigated the genomic diversity of HIPM and DIPM genes in Malus germplasm collections and used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) with significant associations to fire blight susceptibility. A total of 87 unique SNP variants were identified in HIPM and DIPM genes across 93 Malus accessions. Thirty SNPs showed significant associations (p < 0.05) with fire blight susceptibility traits, while two of these SNPs showed highly significant (p < 0.001) associations across two different years. This research has provided knowledge about genetic diversity in fire blight S genes in diverse apple accessions and identified candidate HIPM and DIPM alleles that could be used to develop apple cultivars with decreased fire blight susceptibility via marker-assisted breeding or biotechnological approaches.

scholarly journals Novel metrics to classify fire blight resistance of 94 apple cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kostick ◽  
J. L. Norelli ◽  
K. M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Cider Apple Germplasm Collection of Local Cultivars from Spain for Resistance to Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) Using a Combination of Inoculation Assays on Leaves and Shoots

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Bilbao ◽  
Amaya Ortiz-Barredo ◽  
Emilio Montesinos ◽  
Jesús Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Inoculation Assay

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is among the three most important diseases of apple. A major effective method for its integrated management is the reduction of the susceptibility of the host. Cider apple production in Spain is based on local apple cultivars with minimum crop management and phytosanitary control. After the entry of fire blight in Spain, the selection and planting of cultivars with low susceptibility to this disease has thus become of paramount importance. In consequence, and as part of a wider characterization effort, we undertook the evaluation of an apple germplasm collection of local apple cultivars from Spain for susceptibility to fire blight. Because of the quarantine status of E. amylovora in Europe, we evaluated the use of a detached leaf inoculation assay in combination with a traditional shoot inoculation assay to reduce the amount of plant material to evaluate and to minimize pathogen manipulation. Comparison of the susceptibility values for 78 apple cultivars indicated a low but significant correlation (r = 0.56; α = 0.01) between the leaf and shoot inoculation methods. Although the detached leaf assay was not reliable for the direct selection of cultivars with low susceptibility, it was useful to optimize resources and limit the potential dispersal of the pathogen by allowing the exclusion of medium and highly susceptible cultivars from further evaluation. Shoot inoculation of 103 apple cultivars allowed the identification of 48 cultivars with high levels of resistance to fire blight, which could serve as starting material both for apple production and for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Exploring and preserving old apple cultivars of the Carpathian basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Aesthetic

In a few scattered orchards of the Carpathian basin one can still find our most common historical apple cultivars and certain traces of traditional cultivation. We consider it an important part of the Department's breeding work to explore old apple cultivars which can be used as parent partners and sources of resistance, to identify them pomologically as well as to examine the production and marketing value of old cultivars recommended for cultivation in ecological production and in gardens. This paper documents the results of expedition and collecting work carried out in three regions of the Carpathian basin (foot of the Carpathian Mountains, Transylvania, Aggtelek karst area), and also the saving of old Hungarian apple cultivars preserved until present in the English National Fruit Collection. A total of more than 100 old apple cultivars and variations, as well as 13 valuable genotypes were collected during our explorations in the above mentioned four areas. A further aim of our work is to contribute to the protection of still savable archaic fruit production relict= areas and to the preservation of cultivars in the certain regions, and also to promote the recognition of the aesthetic landscape value of old apple trees and endemic orchards of old cultivars. Our good co-operating partners in this work are Aggtelek National Park, Farmer Club of Visk and the consultation centre of Hungarian horticulturist training beyond the border in Nyárádszereda.

scholarly journals Bio-chemical properties and susceptibility to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora Burrill) of scab-resistant apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Boban S. Đorđević ◽  
Dejan B. Đurović ◽  
Gordan D. Zec ◽  
Aleksandar B. Radović ◽  
Todor B. Vulić
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Fruit Mass

AbstractThe focus of our research was to evaluate different apples cultivars in terms of their biological properties and bioactive compounds content, and determine the levels of their resistance (or susceptibility) to fire blight. The properties of 10 scab-resistant apple cultivars were examined on the Žiča monastery estate (West Serbia) during the period from 2011 to 2015. The biological and chemical properties such as firmness, maturity stage, total soluble solids, total acids, total and reducing sugars, ascorbic acid content and surface blush of apple fruits were monitored. Various phenolic compounds in the tested samples were tentatively identified by LC-MS analyses. A study of generative properties included: number of flower buds, fruit mass and width, crop load, yield efficiency and yield. During the period of blooming and intensive shoot growth, artificial inoculations were carried out. For each cultivar, a fire blight score was determined by dividing the average length of necrotic tissue by the average total shoot length. In the study period, the cultivars ‘GoldRush’ (41.1 t ha−1) and ‘Florina’ (35.9 t ha−1) produced the highest yields, and the cultivars ‘Discovery’ (19.0 t ha−1) and Selection 25/63 (15.1 t ha−1) the lowest. The cultivar ‘William’s Pride’ produced the largest fruits, with an average fruit mass of 206.8 g. The earliest harvest period was recorded for the cultivar ‘Discovery’ (end of July), and the latest for the cultivar ‘GoldRush’ (beginning of October). The cultivar ‘Enterprise’ had the highest value of total phenols (432.2 mg 100 g −1 FW), while the cultivar ‘Topaz’ had the highest value of total flavanols (145.2 mg 100 g−1 FW). The highest degree of susceptibility to fire blight was found in Selection 25/63, and the greatest resistance was manifested by the cultivar ‘GoldRush’. In the five-year study period, the cultivars ‘GoldRush’, ‘Rewena’ and ‘Enterprise’ exhibited better bio-chemical properties and higher levels of resistance to fire blight than the remaining cultivars.

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