THE USE OF NON-TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS RESISTANCE IN CARICA PAPAYA

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) causes severe damage to papaya (Carica papaya L.) and is the primary limiting factor for papaya production worldwide. A nitrous acid-induced mild strain PRSV HA 5-1, derived from Hawaii strain HA, has been applied to control PRSV by cross protection for decades. However, the problem of strain-specific protection hampers its application in Taiwan and other geographic regions outside Hawaii. Here, sequence comparison of the genomic sequence of HA 5-1 with that of HA revealed 69 nucleotide changes, resulting in 31 aa changes in which 16 aa are structurally different. The multiple mutations of HA 5-1 are considered resulting from nitrous-acid induction since 86% of nucleotide changes are transition mutations. The stable HA 5-1 was used as a backbone to generate recombinants carrying individual 3’ fragments of Vietnam severe strain TG5, including NIa, NIb, and CP3’ regions, individually or in combination. Our results indicated that the best heterologous fragment for the recombinant is the region of CP3’, with which symptom attenuation of the recombinant is like that of HA 5-1. This mild recombinant HA51/TG5-CP3’ retained high levels of protection against the homologous HA in papaya plants and significantly increased the protection against the heterologous TG-5. Similarly, HA 5-1 recombinants carrying individual CP3’ fragments from Thailand SMK, Taiwan YK, and Vietnam ST2 severe strains also significantly increase the protection against the corresponding heterologous strains in papaya plants. Thus, our recombinant approach for mild strain generation is a fast and effective way to minimize the problem of strain-specific protection.

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Transmission and pathogenicity of papaya virus E: insights from an experimental papaya orchard

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-21-1785-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan F Cornejo-Franco ◽

Edison Gonzalo Reyes-Proaño ◽

Dimitre Mollov ◽

Joseph Mowery ◽

Diego Fernando Quito-Avila

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Virus Transmission ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Virus Prevalence ◽

Macroptilium Lathyroides

A study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of papaya virus E (PpVE), a cytorhabdovirus commonly found in papaya (Carica papaya L.) plantings of Ecuador. Besides papaya, PpVE was found in three Fabaceae weeds, including Rhynchosia minima, Centrosema plumieri and Macroptilium lathyroides; the latter being the species with the highest virus prevalence. Greenhouse experiments showed that in M. lathyroides, single infections of PpVE induce only mild leaf mosaic, whereas in mixed infections with cowpea severe mosaic virus, PpVE contributes to severe mosaic. In papaya, PpVE did not induce noticeable symptoms in single or mixed infections with papaya ringspot virus. Transmission experiments confirmed that whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) transmit PpVE in a semi-persistent, non-propagative manner.

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Screening Carica papaya × C. cauliflora hybrids for resistance to papaya ringspot virus‐type P

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-90.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 837-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. M. MAGDALITA ◽

D. M. PERSLEY ◽

I. D. GODWIN ◽

R. A. DREW ◽

S. W. ADKINS

Keyword(s):

Virus Type ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

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Development of Papaya Breeding Lines with Transgenic Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.352 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 352-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Michael J. Davis ◽

Zhentu Ying

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Line ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Transgenic Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Antisense Orientation ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Sense Orientation ◽

Transgenic Lines

Papaya (Carica papaya) was transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with four constructs containing either the unmodified or modified coat protein (CP) gene of Florida isolate H1K of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The CP genes were in the sense orientation (S-CP), antisense orientation (AS-CP), sense orientation with a frame-shift mutation (FS-CP), or sense orientation mutated with three-in-frame stop codons (SC-CP). In all, 256 putative transgenic lines with the CP constructs were inoculated mechanically with PRSV H1K. None of the lines was immune to PRSV; however, highly resistant lines were found in each CP transgene group. For breeding purposes, 21 PRSV-resistant lines representing the four transgene constructs were selected and crossed with six papaya genotypes. The lines from the FS-CP and SC-CP transgene groups were highly fertile, but those from the S-CP and AS-CP transgene groups were practically infertile. Plants derived from 54 crosses and representing 17 transgenic lines were planted in the field. After 1 year in the field, 293 of the 1,258 the plants (23.3%) became naturally infected with PRSV; whereas, 29 of 30 of the nontransgenic control plants (96.7%) became infected. The incidence of PRSV infection varied in the R1 progeny depending on both the transgenic line and the nontransgenic parent.

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Antagonism or synergism between papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus in Carica papaya is determined by their order of infection

Virology ◽

10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 489 ◽

pp. 179-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Gabriela Chávez-Calvillo ◽

Carlos A. Contreras-Paredes ◽

Javier Mora-Macias ◽

Juan C. Noa-Carrazana ◽

Angélica A. Serrano-Rubio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Mosaic Virus

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NIa-Pro of Papaya ringspot virus interacts with Carica papaya eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (CpeIF3G)

Virus Genes ◽

10.1007/s11262-014-1145-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 97-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Le Gao ◽

Decai Tuo ◽

Wentao Shen ◽

Pu Yan ◽

Xiaoying Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Translation Initiation ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation ◽

Translation Initiation Factor 3

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Potential of rhizobacterial Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. to manage papaya ringspot virus disease of papaya (Carica papaya (L.)

Tropical Agricultural Research ◽

10.4038/tar.v29i4.8254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Ranasinghe ◽

D. M. De Costa ◽

B. M. V. S. Basnayake ◽

D. M. Gunasekera ◽

S. Priyadharshani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

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Yield and Virus Resistance of Summer Squash Cultivars and Breeding Lines in North Carolina

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.8.1.31 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

S. Alan Walters

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Summer Squash

Yellow and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultigens (breeding lines and cultivars) were evaluated over a 2-year (1995 and 1996) period in North Carolina. Yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) were `Destiny III', `Freedom III', `Multipik', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and HMX 4716, `Superpik', PSX 391, `Monet', `Dixie', XPH 1780, and `Picasso' in Spring 1996. Some of the yellow squash cultigens evaluated had superior viral resistance: XPHT 1815, XPHT 1817, `Freedom III', `Destiny III', `Freedom II', TW 941121, `Prelude II', and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1815, `Liberator III', `Prelude II', and `Destiny III' in Fall 1996; all these cultigens were transgenic. The yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) in the Fall 1995 test had transgenic virus resistance (`Destiny III', `Freedom III', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III') or had the Py gene present in its genetic background (`Multipik'). Based on total marketable yields, the best zucchini cultigens were XPHT 1800, `Tigress', XPHT 1814, `Dividend' (ZS 19), `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Fall 1995; and `Leonardo', `Tigress', `Hurricane', `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Spring 1996. The zucchini cultigens with virus resistance were TW 940966, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1800 in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1800, XPHT 1776, XPHT 1777, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1784 in Fall 1996. Even though TW 940966 had a high level of resistance in the Fall 1995 test, it was not as high yielding as some of the more susceptible lines. Viruses detected in the field were papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) for Fall 1995; while PRSV, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and WMV were detected for Fall 1996. Summer squash cultigens transgenic for WMV and ZYMV have potential to improve yield, especially during the fall when viruses are more prevalent. Most transgenic cultigens do not possess resistance to PRSV, except XPHT 1815 and XPHT 1817. Papaya ringspot virus was present in the squash tests during the fall of both years. Thus, PRSV resistance must be transferred to the transgenic cultigens before summer squash can be grown during the fall season without the risk of yield loss due to viruses.

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