Identification and pathogenicity of Pratylenchus scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province of People's Republic of China

Abstract Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are a group of economically important pathogens that have caused serious economic losses in many crops. In 2019, root-lesion nematodes were recovered from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root samples collected from Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China (PRC). Extracted nematodes were disinfected, and one individual female was cultured on a carrot disc for propagation at 25 °C by parthenogenesis and designated the SC isolate. Afterwards, the isolate was identified on the basis of morphometric and molecular markers. Both morphometric characters and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region gene (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA-COI) gene revealed that the species of root-lesion nematode was Pratylenchus scribneri. The Bayesian tree inferred from the ITS rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtDNA-COI gene sequences also showed that this isolate formed a highly supported clade with other P. scribneri isolates. The pathogenicity of the root-lesion nematode SC isolate on tomato was assessed, showing that tomato was a suitable host for P. scribneri. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province, PRC. These are also the first molecular data obtained from P. scribneri on tomato in the PRC, and the pathogenicity of P. scribneri to tomato was studied for the first time. This study provides scientific data for the detection, identification and control of tomato root-lesion nematode disease.

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Expression of Oryzacystatin I and II in Alfalfa Increases Resistance to the Root-Lesion Nematode

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.799 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 799-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Deborah A. Samac ◽

Ann C. Smigocki

Keyword(s):

Vascular Tissue ◽

Gus Expression ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Control Line ◽

Cysteine Proteinases ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Digestive cysteine proteinases have been isolated from plant-parasitic nematodes as well as coleopteran and hemipteran insects. Phytocystatins, inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, are found in a number of plants where they may play a role in defense against pathogens and pests. The cDNAs of the phytocystatins from rice, oryzacystatin I (OC-I) and oryzacystatin II (OC-II), were expressed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants under the control of the potato protease inhibitor II (PinII) promoter and the plants were evaluated for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). A PinII-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was introduced into alfalfa to determine the pattern of gene expression from this promoter. Constitutive GUS expression was observed in leaf and root vascular tissue, and in some plants, expression was observed in leaf mesophyll cells. Mechanical wounding of leaves increased GUS expression approximately twofold over 24 h. Inoculation with root-lesion nematodes resulted in localized GUS expression. Populations of root-lesion nematodes in alfalfa roots from one line containing the PinII::OC-I transgene and one line containing the PinII::OC-II transgene were reduced 29 and 32%, respectively, compared with a transgenic control line. These results suggest that oryzacystatins have the potential to confer increased resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.

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Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1074 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1074-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John W. Potter ◽

Adam Dale

Keyword(s):

Nematode Resistance ◽

High Yield ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Fragaria Virginiana ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Growth Vigor ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

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Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-19-0385-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 2288-2294

Author(s):

Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽

Kylie Garlick ◽

George Piperidis

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Final Population ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

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Root-Knot and Root-Lesion Nematode Suppression by Cover Crops, Poultry Litter, and Poultry Litter Compost

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0487 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 487-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

K. L. Everts ◽

S. Sardanelli ◽

R. J. Kratochvil ◽

D. K. Armentrout ◽

L. E. Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soybean Cultivar ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Sorghum Sudangrass ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Experiments using soil-incorporated cover crops and amendments of poultry litter (PL) and PL compost to suppress root-knot (RKN) and root-lesion nematodes were conducted in response to increasing nematode populations in Maryland's potato production areas. Identical experiments were established in microplots infested with Meloidogyne incognita or Pratylenchus penetrans. Treatments consisted of 12 3-year rotational sequences comprising potato (year 1) and cucumber (year 2) followed by a moderately RKN-resistant or susceptible soybean cultivar, castor bean, grain sorghum, or sorghum sudangrass; PL or PL compost were amended to some of the RKN-susceptible soybean and sorghum sudangrass plots. In the third year of the rotation, potato followed by soybean was planted in all 12 treatments. The RKN-resistant soybean, castor bean, sorghum sudangrass, and fallow or tillage decreased the populations of M. incognita compared with microplots where RKN-susceptible soybean had been grown. However, RKN populations quickly recovered. Root-lesion nematode was reduced in the spring of 2001 following application of high rates of PL and PL compost in 2000. In the fall of 2001, sorghum sudangrass alone or in combination with PL or PL compost, grain sorghum, or fallow or tillage reduced root-lesion nematodes compared with either soybean cultivar. No treatment affected root-lesion nematode the following year. The use of cover crops and PL compost is an effective method to reduce nematode populations only if successively incorporated into rotational cropping sequences.

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Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) limits response of wheat but not barley to stored soil moisture in the Hermitage long-term tillage experiment

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9951049 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

JP Thompson ◽

J Mackenzie ◽

R Amos

Keyword(s):

Maximum Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Stubble Retention ◽

Pratylenchus Thornei ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

The cumulative effects of factorial treatments of tillage (no tillage, conventional), stubble retention (burnt, retained), and nitrogen fertiliser (0, 23, 69 kg N/ha) on yield of continuous winter cereals and on soil properties have been tested in the Hermitage fallow management experiment since 1969. Despite increased soil water stored from the combination of no tillage and stubble retention, wheat responses to the extra water were disappointing in the first 11 years of the experiment. Soil samples from the experiment were shown to be heavily infested with the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher and Allen), and therefore in 1980, the main plots were split for crop (wheat cv. Timgalen, barley cv. Clipper) and nematicide treatment (nil, aldicarb). Barley (maximum yield 3.2 t/ha) tolerated the nematodes and responded in this dry year to the extra stored water accumulated with no tillage and stubble retention, but wheat (maximum yield 1.22 t/ha) did not. Nematicide increased wheat yields by 42%. The results from the changes to the Hermitage experiment in 1980 show the importance of considering root-lesion nematodes in interpreting results from long-term experiments involving wheat and in applying those results to farms. Control of root-lesion nematodes on farms by crop rotation and by growing tolerant and resistant wheat varieties is needed to obtain full yield benefits from improved tillage practices.

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Influence of previous crops and nematicide treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706015ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Kimpinski ◽

L.M. Edwards ◽

C.E. Gallant ◽

H.W. Johnson ◽

J.A. MacLeod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prince Edward Island ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Red Clover ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study assessing the influence of the previous crop, the crop sequence, and aldicarb treatments on root lesion nematode populations and crop yields was carried out in Prince-Edward-Island, Canada. The most recent crop had the greatest impact on nematode numbers. The crop sequences had an influence in some cases on root lesion nematode populations (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans) and on crop yields. In commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare) fields, root lesion nematodes in roots were greatest when barley followed a red clover (Trifolium pratense) timothy (Phleum pratense) ley, and stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp., primarily T. dubius, and Merlinius spp.) were more common when barley followed barley. The combined dry weight of foliage and grain was larger when barley was planted after potato (Solanumtuberosum) and smaller when barley followed barley or a red clover-timothy mixture. Under experimental field conditions, root lesion nematode populations were largest in barley roots when barley followed potato and grain yields were smallest when barley followed barley. Changes in nematode populations in potato were not associated with crop sequences. Potato tuber yields were higher in the sequences that began with wheat (Triticum aestivum) or barley than in the sequences that began with potato or soybean (Glycine max). Aldicarb reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots with concomitant yield increases in potato and soybean.

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Molecular and morphological characterization of the root -lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, on corn from Henan Province of China

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/helm-2021-0044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 385-393

Author(s):

Y. H. Xia ◽

Y. K. Liu ◽

P. H. Hao ◽

H. X. Yuan ◽

K. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Henan Province ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Samples ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Summary Root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., are economically important pathogens because of their detrimental and economic impact on a wide range of crops. In August 2018, two samples of both roots and rhizosphere soil were collected from a corn field in Liangyuanqu of Shangqiu city, Henan Province, China. Root-lesion nematodes were recovered from the roots and soil samples using the modified Baermann funnel extraction method. Both the morphological characters and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2-D3 expansion region of 28S ribosomal RNA sequences confirmed that the root-lesion nematode population collected from corn in this study was P. neglectus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this isolate formed a highly supported clade with other P. neglectus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. neglectus on corn in Henan Province of China. This study reports the first partial sequences of 28S D2-D3 region of P. neglectus on corn in China. Due to the great harmfulness of root-lesion nematodes to corn, care should be taken to prevent the spread of P. neglectus to other regions in China. At the same time, further study on the biological characteristics of P. neglectus is needed, which will be helpful to develop corresponding management and control strategies.

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Selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps92-074 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 593-598

Author(s):

B. R. Christie ◽

J. L. Townshend

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Growth Room ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Selection For ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Made In

A study was conducted to evaluate response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Sch.-Stek.) under growth-room facilities. Six hundred plants of the cultivar Vernal were inoculated with root-lesion nematodes. Counts were made 13–14 wk later of the number of nematodes g−1 root. Selections were made for relatively low counts (resistant) and high counts (susceptible). Selections were self-pollinated, and the S1 progeny of nine plants (five resistant and four susceptible) were evaluated. The S1 progenies from both types of selections had similar counts. The S2 progenies of resistant S1 parents, however, had lower counts than those of susceptible parents. The F1 crosses generally reacted as expected on the basis of the S2 parents. Results of this study suggest that progress can be made in breeding for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.Key words: Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, alfalfa, selection

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EFFECT OF NEMATICIDES ON ROOT LESION NEMATODES AND FORAGE LEGUME YIELDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps70-107 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 577-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. S. THOMPSON ◽

C. B. WILLIS

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Red Clover ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

A field study was made on the effectiveness of seven nematicides in reducing root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) numbers in soil and roots of alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil. Each of the nematicides significantly reduced the number of nematodes recovered from soil 2 and 14 months after seeding, and from roots 4 and 16 months after seeding. Nematicide treatments significantly increased first cut (August) yields of red clover, alfalfa, and birdsfoot trefoil in the seeding year by 55, 28, and 47%, respectively. Total yields for the seeding year were increased by 22, 22, and 40%, respectively. Sixteen months after seeding, significantly more nematodes were recovered from birdsfoot trefoil roots than from red clover, and more from red clover than from alfalfa. The recovery of Fusarium spp. from rootlets 4 months after seeding was not affected by nematicide treatments; however, Fusarium spp. were recovered less frequently from birdsfoot trefoil than from red clover or alfalfa rootlets.

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Invasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706191ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kimpinski ◽

Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽

B.R. Christie ◽

K.B. McRae ◽

C.E. Gallant

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Lotus Corniculatus ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Screening Trial

Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the levels of invasion of birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus) cultivars and lines by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchuspenetrans). Numbersof nematodesin roots grown in 50-cm3 polystyrene starter pots were determined 6 weeks after planting. Nematodes were detected in the roots of all cultivars and lines, though the degree of invasion varied significantly. In the first screening trial, carried out in 1994 on 23 cultivars and lines, NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking harbored the lowest population densities of nematodes with levels below 1 000 g-1 of dry root, while Fergus and EPF had population densities over 30 000 g-1 of dry root. In the second screening trial conducted in 1995, all nine cultivars and lines tested, including NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking, had nematode levels greater than 7 900 g-1 of dry root. The results indicated that the cultivars and lines tested in this study exhibited wide genetic variability for invasion by root-lesion nematodes.

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