Soil science and its interface with the history of geology community

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Landa ◽  
Eric C. Brevik
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Science Society ◽  
Science History ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Sciences

Despite the historical origins of soil science as a geological science, scholarship in the history of soil science remains an outlier with respect to the presently structured history of geological sciences community. The history-oriented activities of the Soil Science Society of America, the European Geosciences Union, and the International Union of Soil Sciences show active efforts to document and extend knowledge of soil science history. An overview of pedology and its numerous links to geomorphology and other geological specialties is presented. Geologists were involved in early soil mapping, soil degradation studies, creation of soil classification systems, and development of the soil geomorphology subfield, each case demonstrating strong historical ties between geology and soil science. Areas of common interest between soil science and geology offer new opportunities for integration and cooperation in Earth science history going forward.

Earth science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Дьяченко ◽  
Vladimir Dyachenko ◽  
Лариса Дьяченко ◽  
Larisa D'yachenko
Keyword(s):  
Earth Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Short Course ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
The Impact

The textbook describes the features of the origin, development, structure and functioning of the earth's shells and the impact on them of the most common types of environmental management. From the standpoint of modern science shows the history of the formation of the biosphere, analyzed the causes and consequences of natural hazards associated with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and technogenic transformation of the biosphere. The complex of disciplines that make up the textbook is chosen to present the essence of the main natural science subjects required for students studying in the framework of a larger group of specialties and areas of training 20.00.00 "Technosphere safety and environmental engineering" in accordance with the requirements of the GEF in the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the directions 20.03.01 "Technosphere safety", 20.03.02"nature management and water use". The textbook can be used in the educational process for educational programs of the enlarged group of specialties 05.00.00 "earth Sciences", as well as areas 06.03.01 "Biology", 06.03.02 "soil science". The content of the textbook also allows you to use it as a short course in Geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, climatology and meteorology, soil science, landscape Geochemistry for training bachelors in related areas and specialties.

scholarly journals Grey forest soils in the different classification systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Halyna Ivanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

According to various data, the area of grey forest soils in the world is 94–120.2 million ha, in Ukraine – 4.7–5.5 million ha (about 9 % of the country’s territory). The diversity of conditions for the formation of these soils, discussions about their genesis are the causes of different approaches to the classification of grey forest soils. The history of the classification of grey forest soils is analysed; the most common variants of their classification in Ukraine are presented. Seeking to find approximate equivalents, an attempt to find grey forest soils in the classification systems of different countries (Russia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Poland, USA, Canada), as well as in the legend of the FAO-UNESCO map and the WRB has been made. To establish exact analogues of soils practically it is impossible due to different principles of classification’s construction. Modern soil classifications of different countries are as close as possible to WRB and “Soil Taxonomy”. The following names of grey forest soils are identified as the most grounded: light grey forest, grey forest and dark grey podzolic. The following equivalents of the WRB nomenclature (2014) for sub-types of grey forest soils are offered: light grey forest – Albic Luvisols, grey forest – Haplic Luvisols, dark grey podzolic – Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems. To the names of analogues of these soils with gleyic properties, the qualifier “Gleyic” should be added before the name of the reference soil group. The urgent task for soil scientists of Ukraine is to create a new soil classification that would preserve the acquisitions of genetic soil science but took into account the world trends: the allocation of diagnostic horizons and features that have clearly defined quantitative boundaries. In the new classification, it is proposed to combine the light grey and grey forest soils by a separate group, dark grey podzolic soils to be grouped together in a group with podzolic chernozems. The need for such selection is confirmed by the study of the dark grey soils position in different classification systems of the world, most of which these soils are in the chernozemic type group (Mollisols, Phaeozems and Chernozems). Key words: classification, grey forest soils, Greyzems, Luvisols, Mollisols, Phaeozems.

A brief history of national soil classification in Australia since the 1920s

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
System A ◽  
Modern Soil ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Group Concept

Modern soil science concepts and ideas relating to classification were introduced into Australia in the late 1920's by J. A. Prescott who, in 1931 and 1944, also produced the first maps of Australia showing the broad soil zones. This was followed up in the fifties by C. G. Stephens who formalised the Great Soil Group concept in his Manual of Australian Soils (1953) and in 1961 produced a map and publication titled The Soil Landscapes of Australia. Around this time however, other ideas were being put forward, notably by E. G. Hallsworth and colleagues, and especially by G. W. Leeper, whose original ideas on classification were to provide the foundation for the Factual Key of K. H. Northcote (1960a), which was used as the basis of the Atlas of Australian Soils project (1960-68). The Great Soil Group concept of Stephens was amplified in 1968 in A Handbook of Australian Soils (Stace et al. 1968) which was produced for the Adelaide International Society of Soil Science Congress. This review also considers the role of numerical methods and of Soil Taxonomy in Australia and concludes that while neither are likely to provide the most suitable scheme for Australia, the use of the latter to identify our soils must be encouraged so that the rest of the world is able to relate to our published soil research. Currently, the Factual Key and Handbook classifications are both used in Australia. Both are obsolescent as they date from the early sixties and the vast amount of soils knowledge accumulated since then, particularly in tropical Australia, has not been incorporated into either system. Their deficiencies have led over the past seven years to the development of a new Australian Classification System (a five-level hierarchial general purpose scheme with mutually exclusive classes identified by keys). This scheme is now being tested throughout Australia.

scholarly journals Experience of the teaching of soil classification systems to students at different stages of education (Faculty of Soil Science, LMSU, Russia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Prokof’eva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Current Trends

Abstract Soil classification systems provide a common language for scientific communication, represent the diversity of soils and create a scientific basis for soil management, monitoring and conservation. There are several soil classifications currently in use in Russia. Teaching soil systematics to students at the Faculty of Soil Science of the LMSU has developed over the years to meet specific requirements at different stages of education. Students learn to use and correlate different classification systems. Bachelor’s students study classifications to enable professional communication and describing soil diversity. Master’s students further learn the key principles of soil formation, historical and current trends in the development of soil science and the international terminology of soil science. Studying different aspects of the theory and practice of soil classification at different stages of education gives our students a solid base for systematising their knowledge and acquiring skills in scientific research.

The Distortion of Werner in Lyell's Principles of Geology

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Ospovat
Keyword(s):  
History Of Geology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principles Of Geology ◽  
Geological Sciences

Lyell's performance as a historian was both fruitful and remarkable. He wrote well; his style was lucid; and he wrote with conviction and authority. In his history of geology we find none of the usual historians’ dodges. No ‘one of the first’, no ‘probablies’, no ‘it would seem that way’. Lyell did not have to resort to such ruses, because he wrote about the truth—the truth, that is, as he saw it. Most of his statements of fact are not incorrect. But in selecting his facts, he left out anything that did not suit his purpose. Other historians of the geological sciences have pointed out the polemical nature of Lyell's history in general. My investigation is limited to a single chapter of his history, Chapter IV of the Principles, and to his treatment of Werner.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Bronze Age tell using soil analysis data

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Füleky ◽  
G. Kovács ◽  
M. Vicze
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Sciences ◽  
Insight Into

Human presence leaves an imprint not only on its environment but also on the soil cover. Soils are capable of preserving the signs of all the natural and human-induced activities that ever affected them. Via the identification and understanding of these signs it is possible to reconstruct ancient environments and obtain an insight into the lives of ancient societies. This has been successfully proven in numerous studies in Hungary (e.g. BARCZI et al., 2009; KRAUSZ, 2014; PETŐ, et al. 2015). This paper aims at furthering the understanding and reconstruction of the history of the Százhalombatta-Földvár tell site by analysing soil science data. Tell sites are very complex, so parallel to traditional archaeological investigation, a range of natural sciences (e.g. plant, animal and geological sciences) are involved in their analysis. In this study, soil science techniques, namely soil analysis and thin-section soil micromorphological analysis were employed to gain an insight into the past 4 000 years of the settlement’s history. The intensity and the variability of human activities are also investigated. The results revealed very intensive human influence and significant environmental changes in Százhalombatta-Földvár, demonstrating the importance of the area.

scholarly journals Rendzina (rędzina) – Soil of the Year 2018 in Poland. Introduction to origin, classification and land use of rendzinas

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Science Society ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Minimal Thickness ◽  
High Base ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Following the other pedological societies, the Soil Science Society of Poland has launched a programme „Soil of the Year”, and Rędzina (Rendzina) was selected as the soil inaugurating the programme in 2018. Polish term „rędzina” was internationally popularized by Stanisław Miklaszewski in the second/third decade of 20th century and is present in the most soil classification systems as „Rendzina”, „Rendoll”, or „Rendzic” until now. In the Polish tradition, the rendzinas are soils developed from massive rocks rich in calcite, dolomite or gypsum, quite often with admixtures of glacial/periglacial materials, at all development stages. Contemporary classifications of soils in Poland distinguish four main groups (as the types or sub-types): raw rendzina – Calcaric Lithic / Hyperskeletic Leptosols (a minimal thickness of regolith and an initial development of genetic horizons), proper rendzina – Calcaric Leptosols (medium thick profile, but diagnostic horizons are absent), brown rendzina – Calcaric Skeletic Cambisols (have a diagnostic cambic horizon), and chernozemic/humic rendzina – Rendzic Skeletic Phaeozems (have a diagnostic mollic horizon). Rendzina soils are featured by high content of calcium/magnesium, neutral and alkaline reaction, and high base saturation throughout the soil profile, but the individual soil subtypes differ significantly in their usability for agriculture and forestry, depending on the thickness of the soil profile (i.e. a depth to the hard rock or extremely skeletal subsoil), stoniness, texture, and humus content.

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