scholarly journals The role of executive functions and working memory subsystems in the formation of the mental set

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Vladimirov ◽  
A.V. Karpov ◽  
N.Y. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Mental Set ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Subsystems ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

The present paper investigates the problem of mechanisms of the development of the effect of mental set, which is at the core of the processes of the implicit learning, development of the experience and solving creative tasks. As such mechanisms we investigate the change of the parameters of functioning of executive control and working memory subsystems. As a result of an experimental study, based on modified tasks by A. Luchins, it was found that mechanisms of the development of the effect of mental set have a systematic nature and include such factors as the change of the parameters of the executive functions and the specifics of the processing and storage of information in modality-specific blocks of the working memory. The role of the executive control is dual: it is necessary for keeping in the sphere of the attention the operations during their automatization, and at the same it, it makes the automatized scheme conscient by destructing the developed effect of the mental set. The executive control plays a role of the element which sets the structure of mechanisms of the development and overcoming of the mental set effect. Processes which proceed during the information processing in working memory subsystems also play an important role in the development of the mental set effect, however their nature requires supplementary research.

The role of age and inhibitory efficiency in working memory processing and storage components

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervin Blair ◽  
Kiran K. Vadaga ◽  
Joni Shuchat ◽  
Karen Z. H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Inhibitory Efficiency ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Relating mindfulness and executive function in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena M C Geronimi ◽  
Brenda Arellano ◽  
Janet Woodruff-Borden
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Executive

Despite the important role of cognitions in mindful awareness, research on the cognitive processes underlying mindfulness in young populations is scarce. This study explores the association between the core executive functions (i.e. inhibition, working memory, and shifting) and mindfulness within the same model in a sample of children. Seventy-two parent–child dyads participated in the study. Difficulties with executive functioning and child mindfulness level were assessed. Inhibition, working memory, and shifting were significantly correlated with mindfulness. Furthermore, moderate to good fit was found in a model testing the association between mindfulness and the latent executive function variable composed by the three executive functions, and individual executive functions demonstrated significant loadings in relation to the latent variable. In a model relating mindfulness to each individual executive function, mindfulness was uniquely associated with inhibition, working memory, and shifting. The application of current theoretical models of mindfulness to child populations and clinical implications are discussed.

Forgetting Rates Constrain Working Memory Span Independently of Processing and Storage Abilities

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Bayliss ◽  
Christopher Jarrold ◽  
Steven Roodenrys
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Cognasse ◽  
Kathryn Hally ◽  
Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Marie-Ange Eyraud ◽  
Charles-Antoine Arthaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractAside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.

Nothing left in store . . . but how do we measure attentional capacity?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Sergio Morra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Focal Attention ◽  
And Storage

I compare the concepts of “activation” and “storage” as foundations of short-term memory, and suggest that an attention-based view of STM does not need to posit specialized short-term stores. In particular, no compelling evidence supports the hypothesis of time-limited stores. Identifying sources of activation, examining the role of activated procedural knowledge, and studying working memory development are central issues in modelling capacity-limited focal attention.

Discourses and Discursive Identities of Teachers Working as University-Based Teacher Educators in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hybrid Spaces ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
The University

This study made explicit the discourses of 10 teachers working as university-based teacher educators in Singapore to understand their enacted identities. It framed identity as discursive, constructed through language and talk. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive discourse analysis tools, with critical discourse analysis influencing the process. The discourses are as follows: (a) The value of seconded teachers is located firmly within schools, with practice and practitioner elevated above theory and academics; (b) teaching is the core role of seconded teachers, and discourses about learning, development, and research are weak; and (c) an individualistic framing situates the locus of change on teacher-practitioners. Hybrid spaces that bring theory and practice together are discursive spaces. Both the strengths and limitations of existing discursive identities need to be acknowledged, and multifaceted and complex practitioner identities explored. This article contributes to the integration of practitioners into the wider community of teacher educators in the university.

Processing and Storage in Working Memory Span

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Duff ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Exploring the Central Executive in Situation Awareness

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdrabo Moghazy Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Assessment Technique

Despite its significance, the central executive is the least explored component of working memory, particularly in complicated contexts. Exp. 1 investigated the role of executive control of working memory in situation awareness in a real-life driving simulation. Exp. 2 examined the extent to which taxing the central executive might affect situation awareness. High, Medium, and Low Situation Awareness groups were formed as assessed using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique. Executive function was measured using several tests. Results from Exp. 1 demonstrated that the Low Situation Awareness group performed significantly worse on all executive function tasks compared to High and Medium Situation Awareness groups. Findings from Exp. 2 suggested that concurrent load on the central executive dramatically affected the Low Situation Awareness group but not the High Situation Awareness group: the former had significantly more driving violations under central executive load.

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