scholarly journals Barriers in providing tuberculosis services for people living with HIV and their overcoming

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487
Author(s):  
Z M Zagdyn
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Government Support ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Living With Hiv

Aim. To study the opinions of specialists in tuberculosis institutions on barriers and ways to improve the system fighting the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis. Methods. In the study questionnaires with open and closed questions were used among employees of tuberculosis facilities in four territories of the North-West Region of Russia (Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, and Kaliningrad oblasts) during six months in 2018. Total of 284 subjects were included. The questionnaire consisted of 19 structured questions. The respondents’ answers were compared interregionally and were analyzed integrally inside the blocks with the calculation of their ratios. Results. According to the specialists’ opinion working in tuberculosis facilities, the main barriers to providing tuberculosis services for people living with HIV are low level of intersectoral interaction, migration, increase in the number of injecting drug users, lack of regional government support, inconsistency of regulation documents with the requirements of currant reality. As the main conditions for improvement of epidemic situation with association of HIV/tuberculosis, the respondents consider increasing administration of antiretroviral therapy to the patients with HIV, adequate treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infection and raising awareness of HIV-infection and tuberculosis by the population. Conclusion. To improve the existing system of fighting HIV/tuberculosis, strengthening the connection among the stakeholders may be possible, especially between tuberculosis facilities and detention centers giving the valuable access to antiretroviral therapy, chemoprophylaxis and tuberculosis treatment, including establishment of low-threshold centers, improved population awareness of tuberculosis and HIV-infection.

Triad of the Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV? Association Between Risk Factors, HIV Infection, and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ribeiro Zanetti ◽  
Edmar Lacerda Mendes ◽  
Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas ◽  
Maria Odila Gomes Douglas ◽  
Leandro Teixeira Paranhos Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Can we talk about price with patients when choosing antiretroviral therapy? A survey with people living with HIV and prescribers in France

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e046212
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Papot ◽  
Nikos Kalampalikis ◽  
Marjolaine Doumergue ◽  
Fabrice Pilorgé ◽  
Guillemette Quatremère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The North ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV specialist prescribers’ perception of discussing antiretroviral therapy (ART) price in PLWH’s care and the acceptability of choosing or switching to various types of less expensive ARTs.DesignCross-sectional surveys (one in a convenience sample of PLWH and one in a voluntary response sample of HIV specialist prescribers).Setting and participantsThe surveys were conducted among PLHW attending an HIV clinic in the North of Paris (cohort of 4922 PLWH in 2016), and HIV specialists working in French HIV clinics (210 across 12 districts/28), between January and June 2016.MethodSelf-administered questionnaires were constructed using data collected during focus groups with PLWH and prescribers. Pretests were carried out to select the questions and items. Descriptive analyses of the 129 complete questionnaires of PLWH and 79 of prescribers are presented.ResultsAmong PLWH, 128/129 were on ART and 54% (69/128) gave a fair estimation of the price of their current regimen. Among prescribers, 24% (19/79) thought that their patients knew this price. Taking into account the price of ART was not perceived as a negative step in the history of French response to HIV epidemic for 53% (68/129) of PLWH and 82% (65/79) of prescribers. Seventy-seven PLWH (60%) would agree to switch to less expensive antiretroviral regimens (as effective and with similar adverse events) if pills were bigger; 42 (33%) if there were more daily doses, and 37 (29%) if there were more pills per dose; prescribers were more circumspect.ConclusionA high proportion of PLWH gave a fair estimate of their ART price and this seemed unexpected by HIV specialists. Consideration of drug prices when choosing ART was perceived as conceivable by PLWH and prescribers if effectiveness and tolerance were also considered.

scholarly journals A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Cristian Jianu ◽  
Sorana D. Bolboacă ◽  
Adriana Violeta Topan ◽  
Irina Filipescu ◽  
Mihaela Elena Jianu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study aimed to present a local view of HIV infection in the North-West part of Romania, and to identify the particularities of patients under medical care in the Cluj AIDS Center. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics (age and gender), and medical and epidemiological data (stage of HIV infection and mode of transmission) of patients in a medical care in the Cluj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Center were evaluated. Data from the first patients admitted between 1989 and 2018, and the statuses of the infected persons as per 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Nine hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study. The patients’ ages varied from 0 (newborns from HIV-infected mothers) to 72 years old, and most patients were men (596 men vs. 318 women). The main mode of transmission was sexual (>50%), with an increased number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last years (from two cases in 2006 to thirty-four cases in 2018), and a very small percentage of intravenous drug users (IDU; <1%). The patients from the Romanian cohort were more frequently women as compared with men (p-value <0.0001), women were more frequently later presenters than men (p-value <0.0001), and the women more frequently had candidosis (p-value = 0.0372), cerebral toxoplasmosis (p-value = 0.0404), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (p-value = 0.0018). One hundred and sixty patients died by the end of 2018 (17.5%). Sixty-eight children had been born from HIV-infected mothers, and 17 were HIV infected (25%). Conclusion: The main mode of HIV transmission in our sample was sexual, with an increased number of MSM over the last years and a low number of cases of intravenous drug users. A quarter of children borne from HIV-infected mothers were HIV infected.

scholarly journals HIV Infection in the Elderly: Arising Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventura C. T. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv

Globally there is an increase in the number of people living with HIV at an advanced age (50 years and above). This is mainly due to prolonged survival following the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Living with HIV at an advanced age has been shown to be associated with a number of challenges, both clinical and immunological. This minireview aims at discussing the challenges encountered by elderly HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Spiritual leaders’ experiences of a comprehensive HIV stigma reduction intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germari Kruger ◽  
Minrie Greeff ◽  
Rantoa Letšosa
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Spiritual Leaders ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV is a deadly reality in South African communities, where people living with HIV (PLWH) do not only face physical sickness but also severe stigmatisation. Literature shows that spiritual leaders (religious leaders/traditional healers) can have a very meaningful role in the reduction of HIV stigma. This article reports on part of a comprehensive community-based HIV stigma reduction intervention with PLWH and people living close to them, which included partners, children, family members, friends, community members and spiritual leaders. The focus of this article is on the experiences of spiritual leaders during and after the HIV stigma reduction intervention. The research took place in both an urban and rural setting in the North-West Province of South Africa and data collection was done by means of in-depth interviews with the spiritual leaders. The interaction with PLWH during the intervention activated new experiences for spiritual leaders: acceptance and empathy for PLWH, an awareness of their own ignorance, a stronger realisation of God’s presence and a realisation that they could inspire hope in PLWH. A greater awareness was created of HIV and of the associated realities regarding disclosure and stigma. The inclusion of spiritual leaders as well as PLWH brought about a positive shift in the attitudes of communities through the increase of knowledge and understanding of HIV stigma. They saw themselves playing a much greater part in facilitating such a shift and in reducing HIV stigma in their own congregations and their communities at large.

scholarly journals Time to Develop and Predictors for Incidence of Tuberculosis among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fassikaw Kebede ◽  
Tsehay Kebede ◽  
Birhanu Kebede ◽  
Abebe Abate ◽  
Dube Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
North West ◽  
Living With Hiv

Infection by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is the strongest risk factor for latent or new infection of tuberculosis (TB) through reduction of CD4 T-lymphocytes and cellular immune function. Almost one-third of deaths among people living with HIV are attributed to tuberculosis. Despite this evidence, in Ethiopia, there is a scarcity of information regarding the incidence of tuberculosis for children living with HIV. Thus, this study assessed time to develop and predictors for incidence of tuberculosis in children attending HIV/AIDS care in public hospitals: North West Ethiopia 2021. Methods. A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 421 seropositive children on antiretroviral therapy in two hospitals between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2020. EPI-DATA version 3.2 and STATA/14 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Tuberculosis-free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Bivariate and multivariable Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors at a P value <0.05 within 95% CI. Results. In the final analysis, a total of 421 seropositive children were included, of whom, 64 (15.2%) developed tuberculosis at the time of follow-up. The mean (±SD) age of the children was 10.62 ± 3.32 years, with a median (IQR) time to develop TB that was 23.5 ( IQR = ± 19 ) months. This study found that the incidence of tuberculosis was 5.9 (95% CI: 4.7; 7.6) per 100 person-years (PY) risk of observation. Cases at baseline not taking cotrimoxazol preventive therapy (CPT) ( AHR = 2.5 ; 95% CI, 1.4-4.7, P < 0.021 ), being severely stunted ( AHR = 2.9 : 95% CI, 1.2-7.8, P < 0.03 ), and having low hemoglobin level ( AHR = 4.0 ; 95% CI, 2.1-8.1, P < 0.001 ) were found to be predictors of tuberculosis. Conclusion. A higher rate of tuberculosis incidence was reported in our study as compared with previous studies in Ethiopia. Cases at baseline not taking cotrimoxazol preventive therapy (CPT), being severely stunted, and having low hemoglobin (≤10 mg/dl) levels were found to be at higher risk to developed TB incidence.

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