scholarly journals Medicines and life (to the 100th anniversary of Professor Irina Vitalievna Zaikonnikova)

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-963
Author(s):  
R S Garaev ◽  
A U Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Major Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
High Concentrations

Irina Vitalevna Zaikonnikova is a well-known Soviet pharmacologist, headed the Department of Pharmacology of the Kazan State Medical Institute between 1968 and 1989. The topic of I.V. Zaikonnikovas Ph.D. thesis was The influence of dikain on blood vessels and its relationship with adrenaline. In her dissertation, Irina Vitalievna found that dicaine dilates blood vessels in low concentrations and causes their constriction in high concentrations. The thesis was successfully defended in 1947. In the 50s of the last century in Kazan, for the first time in the Soviet Union, the study of the biological activity of organophosphorus compounds was begun. A large experimental material concerning the correlation between the biological activity and chemical structure of compounds was summarized in his doctoral dissertation Pharmacological characteristics of a number of dialkylphosphinic acid esters, which I.V. Zaikonnikova defended in 1968. At the Department of Pharmacology, which she headed since 1968, a close-knit team was formed, united by a common interest the search and development of new potential drugs. This major work resulted in the creation of cidiphos, glycifon, phosphabenzide, and dimephosphon organophosphorus compounds of a new type, which mechanism of action is not associated with inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase. In addition, drugs that did not belong to organophosphates were created the daytime tranquilizer mebikar, a regeneration stimulator with the immunomodulatory effect of xymedon. At present, the Department of Pharmacology of Kazan State Medical University continues the scientific traditions of our outstanding predecessors.

All-Russian Public Committee (Arpc) for Perpetuating the Memory of P. A. Kropotkin (APC): Achievements and Mistakes (Dedicated to the Committe’s 100TH Anniversary)

Epohi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Saytanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Soviet Union

The All-Russian Public Committee (ARPC) for perpetuating the memory of P. A. Kropotkin, the most famous Russian theorist of anarchism, was established in 1921 after his death on 8 February. It reflected many disagreements in Russia’s anarchist movement, as well as contradictions between scientific and political activities within the Committee itself. These unsolved problems led to its conflict with the Soviet Union and the latter’s annihilation. The ARPC’s failure to resolve these contradictions was not its main mistake. However, it had significant scientific, publishing and museum achievements which enabled Peter Kropotkin’s creative heritage to be preserved, at least to some extent.

Research on cholinesterases in the Soviet Union and Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Sofya Lushchekina ◽  
Patrick Masson ◽  
Sergey Moralev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The Soviet Union

This work presents the historical aspect of the study of cholinesterases and the effects of their inhibition by organophosphorus compounds, which were carried out in the USSR and Russia, from the 1930s-1940s to the present.

scholarly journals Sputnik’s Children: History of the Major Work Program in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Schools, 1954–1972

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reesa Sorin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Canadian Education ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

Set in the context of the Cold War, the space race, and the 1957 Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite, interest in gifted education, which had waned in the years leading up to the Second World War, was once again reignited in Canadian education. North America looked to its human capital, particularly in the areas of mathematics, science, and engineering to keep up with the Soviets. Departments of education in Canada and the United States prioritized the identification and nurturing of the “best and brightest” students for the sake of the nation. The Major Work program in Winnipeg, which began in 1954 and ended rather abruptly in 1972, seventeen years before the end of the Cold War, was one of many gifted programs introduced in Canada and the United States in an attempt to address the supposed innovation gap with the Soviet Union. This article looks at the rise of Winnipeg’s Major Work program in the 1950s, when society-centred rhetoric replaced earlier child-centred rhetoric and then itself was overridden by the 1970s social, economic, and political reforms, which again tended towards child-centred, integrated education.

Research on cholinesterases in the Soviet Union and Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Sofya Lushchekina ◽  
Patrick Masson ◽  
Sergey Moralev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The Soviet Union

This work presents the historical aspect of the study of cholinesterases and the effects of their inhibition by organophosphorus compounds, which were carried out in the USSR and Russia, from the 1930s–1940s to the present.

La rusa lingvo en la novaj rilatoj de Eŭropa Spac-Agentejo

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Wim Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Work ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Soviet Union

SUMMARY The Russian Language in the New Relations of the European Space Agency The recently signed Framework Agreement between the European Space Agency and the Soviet Union opens the door to an intensified cooperation between the two space powers in a variety of areas of common interest. Whereas ESA-financed industrial project and research work, both with the USA and within the 13 member-states of the Agency, is usually conducted in English (English and French being the two official languages of ESA), the Soviet Union has its own long history of international space activities with Russian used as the unique means of communication. The linguistic aspects of the new Agreement and its first implementation are placed in the context of the totally different organizational structures represented by the two parties. Many of the communication problems on the executive level appear to be caused by Western concepts of project management and control which are difficult to translate into meaningful Russian equivalents. The linguistic interaction, which is a natural consequence of joint project work, has caused the first loan words to cross the borders from both sides. SOMMAIRE La langue russe dans les nouvelles relations de VAgence Spatiale Européenne L'Accord Cadre signé récemment entre l'Agence Spatiale Européenne (ASE) et l'Union Soviétique ouvre la porte à une coopération accrue entre les deux puissances spatiales dans une variété de domaines d'intérêts communs. Alors que les travaux de développement industriel et de recherche, financés par l'ASE, sont conduits habituellement en langue anglaise, non seulement avec les États Unis d'Amérique, mais également à l'intérieur des treize pays-membres de l'ASE (l'anglais et le français étant les deux langues officielles de l'ASE), l'Union Soviétique a une longue histoire d'activités spatiales internationales pour lesquelles la langue russe était le moyen unique de communication. Les aspects linguistiques du nouvel accord ainsi que sa première mise en application sont placés dans le cadre de deux partenaires ayant des structures totalement différentes. Il semble qu'un grand nombre de problèmes de communication qui apparaissent au niveau d'exécution soient causés par des concepts occidentaux de la gestion et du contrôle de projets qui sont difficiles à traduire en équivalents russes significatifs. L'interaction linguistique, conséquence naturelle du travail autour d'un projet commun, a provoqué le transfert, d'un côté comme de l'autre, des premiers mots d'emprunt.

The U.S. and Soviet Stakes in Nuclear Nonproliferation

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Nye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The U.S

In the aftermath of the invasion of Afghanistan and the advent of the Reagan Administration, cooperation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union seems to have diminished, particularly in the area of arms control. Nuclear non-proliferation is the oldest area of Soviet-American cooperation in arms control, dating back to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the 1950s. But the fact that the two countries have a common interest does not mean that there is necessarily an equal interest or that it can survive the current tension.Some analysts argue that the Soviet Union has more at risk from proliferation than does the United States. For example, many of the potential new entrants to nuclear weapons status–India, Pakistan, Korea, Taiwan, Iraq–are countries geographically close to the Soviet Union and distant from the United States. Thus, it could be argued that the Soviet Union has more to fear than we do, and from the zero-sum perspective of U.S.-Soviet hostility, further proliferation may hurt the Soviet Union more than the United States. To judge whether this is a sensible basis for policy, or whether cooperative action is a better basis requires a closer look at the skeptical arguments.

scholarly journals Sputnik’s Children: History of the Major Work Program in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Schools, 1954–1972

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reesa Sorin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Canadian Education ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Cold War

Set in the context of the Cold War, the space race, and the 1957 Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite, interest in gifted education, which had waned in the years leading up to the Second World War, was once again reignited in Canadian education. North America looked to its human capital, particularly in the areas of mathematics, science, and engineering to keep up with the Soviets. Departments of education in Canada and the United States prioritized the identification and nurturing of the “best and brightest” students for the sake of the nation. The Major Work program in Winnipeg, which began in 1954 and ended rather abruptly in 1972, seventeen years before the end of the Cold War, was one of many gifted programs introduced in Canada and the United States in an attempt to address the supposed innovation gap with the Soviet Union. This article looks at the rise of Winnipeg’s Major Work program in the 1950s, when society-centred rhetoric replaced earlier child-centred rhetoric and then itself was overridden by the 1970s social, economic, and political reforms, which again tended towards child-centred, integrated education.

scholarly journals Names of the Kazan scientists in the history of medicine of the Arkhangelsk oblast

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
A V Andreeva ◽  
M G Chirtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
State Medical Institute ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Operative Surgery ◽  
History Of

Article focuses on the role of Kazan scientists in the development and foundation of a number of departments of Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute, founded in 1932. The teaching staff for the most northern institution for higher medical education in the country was recruited from all over the Soviet Union. Founders and first heads of departments were the representatives of major scientific schools and leading universities, including the Kazan University/Kazan Medical Institute. Highly qualified specialists, scientists and healthcare managers with extensive experience played an important role in the development of healthcare in the European North of Russia. One of the first scientists of Kazan, who arrived at Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute, was psychiatrist I.N. Zhilin, whose activities are immortalized in the history of the department and the psychiatric hospital. Next Kazan representative, A.I. Labbok - anatomist, surgeon, doctor of sciences, professor, founder and first head of the department of operative surgery and topographic anatomy of the Institute. Surgeon A.A. Vechtomov became a professor and head of the Department of General Surgery, the head of the clinic, where during the Great Patriotic War the wounded from the Karelian Front and the Northern Fleet were treated. The founder of the Department of Pediatrics at Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute - Professor Yu.V. Makarov, came to Arkhangelsk from Kazan and his wife, G.A. Khayn-Makarova, who contributed much to military pediatrics. They were succeeded by associate professor A.G. Suvorov, who raised a galaxy of eminent pediatricians. Research of the data on many of Kazan scientists are still ongoing at the museum complex of the Northern State Medical University.

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