La rusa lingvo en la novaj rilatoj de Eŭropa Spac-Agentejo

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Wim Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Work ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Soviet Union

SUMMARY The Russian Language in the New Relations of the European Space Agency The recently signed Framework Agreement between the European Space Agency and the Soviet Union opens the door to an intensified cooperation between the two space powers in a variety of areas of common interest. Whereas ESA-financed industrial project and research work, both with the USA and within the 13 member-states of the Agency, is usually conducted in English (English and French being the two official languages of ESA), the Soviet Union has its own long history of international space activities with Russian used as the unique means of communication. The linguistic aspects of the new Agreement and its first implementation are placed in the context of the totally different organizational structures represented by the two parties. Many of the communication problems on the executive level appear to be caused by Western concepts of project management and control which are difficult to translate into meaningful Russian equivalents. The linguistic interaction, which is a natural consequence of joint project work, has caused the first loan words to cross the borders from both sides. SOMMAIRE La langue russe dans les nouvelles relations de VAgence Spatiale Européenne L'Accord Cadre signé récemment entre l'Agence Spatiale Européenne (ASE) et l'Union Soviétique ouvre la porte à une coopération accrue entre les deux puissances spatiales dans une variété de domaines d'intérêts communs. Alors que les travaux de développement industriel et de recherche, financés par l'ASE, sont conduits habituellement en langue anglaise, non seulement avec les États Unis d'Amérique, mais également à l'intérieur des treize pays-membres de l'ASE (l'anglais et le français étant les deux langues officielles de l'ASE), l'Union Soviétique a une longue histoire d'activités spatiales internationales pour lesquelles la langue russe était le moyen unique de communication. Les aspects linguistiques du nouvel accord ainsi que sa première mise en application sont placés dans le cadre de deux partenaires ayant des structures totalement différentes. Il semble qu'un grand nombre de problèmes de communication qui apparaissent au niveau d'exécution soient causés par des concepts occidentaux de la gestion et du contrôle de projets qui sont difficiles à traduire en équivalents russes significatifs. L'interaction linguistique, conséquence naturelle du travail autour d'un projet commun, a provoqué le transfert, d'un côté comme de l'autre, des premiers mots d'emprunt.

scholarly journals Do History Lessons Ever Pay off? A Diplomat’s Memoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodric Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Moscow River

Sir Rodric Braithwaite was educated at Christ’s College, University of Cambridge, from where he went to serve in HM Diplomatic Service, having worked in Jakarta, Moscow, Washington, Warsaw, Rome, and Brussels, where he was a member of the British delegation to the European Community. From 1988 to 1992, Sir Rodric served as HM Ambassador in the Soviet Union during the decisive years of the Perestroika and the first British ambassador in Russia. Subsequently, he was appointed foreign policy adviser to the Prime Minister in the second John Major ministry and chaired the UK Joint Intelligence Committee between 1992 and 1993. He was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1994. As a career diplomat, Sir Rodric gained decades of insight into the troubled relations between Russia and West, having taken part in numerous negotiations on arms control. His affinity with the decision-making circles in both Russia and Britain alongside with the mastery of the Russian language allow him to skillfully dissect the underlying causes of ups-and-downs in Moscow’s relationship with the West, employing the works of both English- and Russian-speaking analysts. Among his recent books are Across the Moscow River (2002), Moscow 1941: A City and Its People at War (2006), Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989 (2012), Armageddon and Paranoia: The Nuclear Confrontation (2017). In this essay, Sir Rodric reminisces of the years spent as a diplomat and provides his view on the usefulness and applicability of historical lessons while devising a foreign policy course.

Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Barakatullo Ashurov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
State Control ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Missionary Movement

Christianity in modern Tajikistan is closely connected to the missionary movement of the Church of the East in the Central Asian landmass. The historical patterns of the ROC aimed to cover only European and Russian nationals with Russian language only. This has led to Christianity being dubbed a ‘Russian religion’. The Roman Catholic Church was in Central Asia since the thirteenth century. The first wave of Protestants came through the Mennonites (Brethren), along with Evangelicals and Baptists (who both eventually merged in 1941 into the Evangelical Baptists), and the second wave came through various Protestant mission organizations after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Protestant churches in the country comprise both local converts from Islam and those of Russian Orthodox background. Although non-Tajik Christians are culturally acceptable, local converts are regarded as traitors. Many such restrictions apply equally to all religions. State restraint toward religious minorities are due to inherited Soviet tradition and fear of the extremist ideology that was a cause of the recent civil war. Current persecution in the country is largely a matter of social discrimination rather than state control. Nonetheless, the existing communities, particularly those with valid registrations, are thriving, albeit on a small scale.

Laying Blame for Flight and Fight: Sino-Soviet Relations and the “Yi–Ta” Incident in Xinjiang, 1962

2019 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 504-523
Author(s):  
Charles Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Northern Xinjiang ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Major Flare ◽  
Party State

AbstractIn spring 1962, 60,000 individuals fled from northern Xinjiang into the Soviet Union. Known as the “Yi–Ta” incident, the mass exodus sparked a major flare up in Sino-Soviet relations. This article draws on declassified Chinese and Russian-language archival sources and provides one of the first in-depth interpretations of the event and its aftermath. It argues that although the Chinese government blamed the Soviet Union for the Yi-Ta incident, leaders in Beijing and Xinjiang also recognized the domestic roots of the disturbance, such as serious material deficits in northern Xinjiang and tensions between minority peoples and the party-state. The Chinese government's diplomatic sparring with Moscow over the mass exodus reflected Mao Zedong's continued influence on Chinese foreign policy, despite claims by scholars that Mao had retreated from policymaking during this period.

The Voices of Keti Chukhrov: Radical Poetics after the Soviet Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-478
Author(s):  
Marijeta Bozovic
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Institutional Critique ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Poetic Voice ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Many ◽  
State Socialist

Abstract The newest Russian poetic avant-garde wields highly aware appropriations and remediations in stark opposition to mainstream cultural phenomena, including nostalgia for the imperial and militant aestheticized politics of the Soviet Union. Efforts to think leftward beyond the state socialist past to a global egalitarian future challenge both Russian and “Western” narratives in our increasingly interconnected world. The Georgian-born Russian-language poet Keti Chukhrov, in particular, theorizes powerlessness in deeply local yet globally familiar ways. Despite the many voices rumbling through her work, Chukhrov’s theses are consistent: art must be communist; all desire, even faked, is political eros; and the post-Soviet subject is not even dead. Chukhrov embeds her politics in institutional critique, lends her labor to collectives and collaborations, and refracts her poetic voice into multitudes.

Religion under Communism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Communist Countries

Lenin began and Stalin completed the organizational structures and the repertoire of strategies and tactics that would be used as a model by almost all subsequent communist movements for suppressing religion. This model was primarily constructed to overcome the challenges posed to the revolution by a powerful Russian Orthodox Church. As such it did not fit the religious circumstances of other communist countries. It was poorly adapted to the decentralized patterns of religious practice in Asia, and it was unable to eliminate resistance from the Roman Catholic Church in Eastern Europe, especially when that church was connected with nationalism. Even though the Stalinist model initially seemed successful in eliminating political opposition from religion in the Soviet Union, it was in the long run a failure on its own terms.

scholarly journals “Russian” and “Soviet” Plot in the Literary Works of Yoko Tavada

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-382
Author(s):  
T. S. Simyan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Heroine's Journey ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Japanese Writer ◽  
The Given ◽  
Jimi Hendrix

In the article the concepts-signified as “Russian” and “Soviet” expressed in the works of the German-Japanese writer Yoko Tavada (born 1960) are touched upon. The concepts signified as “Soviet” and “Russian” do encompass everything that is connected with Russian culture, literature and the Soviet Union. The empirical material for the given depiction were the essay and novel by Tavada “Suspicious passengers of your night trains” (2002, 2009). Based on the example of this novel the attitude of the younger generation of the socialist countries of late 1980s to the Russian language is revealed. The transition of the socialist bloc (Yugoslavia) is described on the example of clothes (jeans, aluminum fork, and pizza), the younger generation (good manners vs. bad manners), and language skills (English vs. Russian). The heroine’s journey along the Trans-Siberian Railway (Moscow – Irkutsk – Khabarovsk) enabled the author to reveal the micro-historical realities of the last decade of the Soviet era. The plot of the novel showed that in the last decades of the Soviet era there was already a “nostalgia” for household goods, the style of clothing and music, and Western pop culture (Jimi Hendrix, Elvis Presley). During the contact with the main character, the Russian soul (benevolence, openness, hospitality) and low standards of eco-awareness and disrespect for non-smokers in public transport (train) are revealed. The Soviet era is also confessed at the level of smell and food (garlic, cheap cigarettes, onions, black bread, porridge, soup butter drips, vodka, etc.). In the course of the narrative and communication with the surrounding people the Siberian “real” world is indicated, i.e. the poverty of the interior of the Siberian villages of the Soviet era. In the course of describing the Siberian expanse its natural and climatic constants such as cold, snow, bathhouse and birch, the latter as a symbol of all of Russia with its mythological stratum, were presented. The attributive cycle of the Siberian natural-climatic and “material” world is completed by the theme of androgyny opened up in the Siberian bathhouse, which is a space for identifying all types of physical things, that is, of female and male in woman and man.

scholarly journals Russification of Muslim Central Asia: An Overview of Language, Culture and Society

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Sana Hussan ◽  
Syed Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian Society

Russian influence in Muslim Muslim Central Asia was far reaching. The transformational force of Russian presence first emerged in the administrative setup and governance, soon it spread to the domain of education and sociocultural symbols. The Muslim Central Asian society lost its connection with Muslim world in neighborhood as Russian alphabets, lexemes and structures. The Tsarist era initiated these changes but its scope remained limited. In quest for making the Muslim Central Asians emulate the role of “new Russian man” the Soviet era used force to popularize and cultivate Russian language and culture. However, the distrust among Russian diaspora and Muslim Central Asian local population was deep seated. Once the Soviet Union fell, the demographic and linguistic changes were attacked by nationalists. Despite the post-1991 attempts, Russian language is still dominant in Muslim Central Asia as compared to English and other modern European languages

The Incredible Story of the Book “The Country of White Lilies” of Grigoriy Petrov

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-243
Author(s):  
Zeynep Zafer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Exile Literature ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Soviet Union

Many works about Russian exile literature written abroad were unpublished for years during the Soviet Union period. Some of these works, which lost their originals in Russian language, met with the Russian readers in the 1990s after being translated from the Western languages in Russian. The Russian writer Grigory Spriridovich Petrov’s book The Country of White Lilies due to the intense interest of the Turkish readers was preserved in the approximately 60 years period of prohibition. The book and his author, whose name was forgotten in the Soviet Union, continued to be published in the Balkans and Asia and only 81 years later was published in Russian language. The original was first translated in Turkish and from the Turkish translation the book was translated in Arabic and Finnish. The Country of White Lilies has more than eighty publications and up to ten different translations from Bulgarian and Russian editions in Turkey.

‘Neighbour languages’: Europeanisation and language borders

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Maria Stoicheva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

Maria Stoicheva’s chapter on language policy and Europeanisation examines an area which is overlooked in the studies of Europeanisation. She considers the ways in which the status of languages such as Russian changed in the Eastern neighbourhood after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The ‘Return to Europe’ and Europeanisation have implications for language policy. Europeanisation may mean promoting English instead of Russian or moving from use of Cyrillic to the Latin script. The fact that Russian language speakers in Ukraine, for example, do not necessarily identify themselves as ethnic Russian and may have a Ukrainian and/or European identity raises the possibility that language use is being replaced by territorial divisions as the indicator of identity. Thus, her chapter shows that the relationship between geopolitics, policymaking and identity is played out at a much more profound level – that of language.

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