scholarly journals NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES OF THE RAT’S LUNGS IN EXPERIMENTAL ASTHMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
M A Syrczova ◽  
D E Korzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Neuroepithelial Bodies ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Active Substances

The epithelium of the respiratory tract of mammalian lungs contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, represented by both single cells and innervated clusters forming neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). Since NEB are intensively innervated and produce highly specific biologically active substances, such as the bronchoconstrictor serotonin, the level of which increases during hypoxia, it is assumed that these structures can play a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA).The purpose of this study was to the detection and analysis of NEB in the lungs with experimental BA.For the study, we used the lungs of sexually mature Wistar rats (n = 5). NEB was detected by monoclonal antibodies to synaptophysine.It has been found but that in the context of experimental asthma 76.6% NEB were located as part of a simple cuboidal epithelium of small bronchi and respiratory bronchioles. 17.6% of NEB were found in the composition of the epithelial layer and only 5.8% are single NEB in the composition of the epithelium of the small bronchi. At the same time, a greater number of NEB localized in the bronchi were composed of 6 cells (46.2%), 38.5% of 4 cells, and 15.3% of more than 10 cells in one cluster. As in our previous studies, most of the NEB were located in the vicinity of the synaptophysi-immunopositive terminals. Against the background of asthma occurred reduction in the number of large clusters NEB and increased concentrations of medium size of NEB. The results obtained indicate the effect of inflammation on the functional features of the neuroendocrine system of the lungs and the possible contribution of NEB to the inflammatory cascade in BA.

Maternal Smoking and Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Author(s):  
Ernest Cutz ◽  
Donald G. Perrin ◽  
Richard Hackman ◽  
Elinor N. Czegledy-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Neuroepithelial Bodies ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells

Background. Maternal smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but the precise mechanism is unknown. We tested a hypothesis that maternal smoking affects pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), which are innervated PNEC clusters and presumed airway chemoreceptors. Methods. Lung sections from infants who died of SIDS and whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (n = 22), infants who died of SIDS and whose mothers were nonsmokers (n = 17), and age-matched control infants (n = 15) who died of other causes were immunostained for bombesin (a PNEC and NEB marker) and assessed morphometrically. Results. The frequency of PNEC (the percentage of airway epithelium immunoreactive for bombesin) was increased up to twofold in the lungs of infants who died of SIDS (7.7 ± 0.4%) compared with controls (4.9 ± 0.4%), as was the frequency (40 ± 3.5 vs 23 ± 3.7/cm2) and size (748 ± 46.5 vs 491 ± 25.8,µm2) of NEBs. In infants who died of SIDS and who were born to smoking mothers, PNEC frequency was increased significantly compared with that in those born to nonsmoking mothers, but the frequency and size of NEBs were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that maternal smoking potentiates hyperplasia of the PNEC system in the lungs of infants who die of SIDS and that a dysfunction of these cells may contribute to the pathophysiology of SIDS.

scholarly journals Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells: physiology, tissue homeostasis and disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. dmm046920
Author(s):  
Masafumi Noguchi ◽  
Kana T. Furukawa ◽  
Mitsuru Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Large Clusters

ABSTRACTMammalian lungs have the ability to recognize external environments by sensing different compounds in inhaled air. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare, multi-functional epithelial cells currently garnering attention as intrapulmonary sensors; PNECs can detect hypoxic conditions through chemoreception. Because PNEC overactivation has been reported in patients suffering from respiratory diseases – such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other congenital diseases – an improved understanding of the fundamental characteristics of PNECs is becoming crucial in pulmonary biology and pathology. During the past decade, murine genetics and disease models revealed the involvement of PNECs in lung ventilation dynamics, mechanosensing and the type 2 immune responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing further unveiled heterogeneous gene expression profiles in the PNEC population and revealed that a small number of PNECs undergo reprogramming during regeneration. Aberrant large clusters of PNECs have been observed in neuroendocrine tumors, including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Modern innovation of imaging analyses has enabled the discovery of dynamic migratory behaviors of PNECs during airway development, perhaps relating to SCLC malignancy. This Review summarizes the findings from research on PNECs, along with novel knowledge about their function. In addition, it thoroughly addresses the relevant questions concerning the molecular pathology of pulmonary diseases and related therapeutic approaches.

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cells in various types of hypertension – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
M. Niezgoda ◽  
I. Kasacka
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Active Substances

Recent years have witnessed a progressive increase in the number of people suffering from hypertension, which is one of the most serious health problems in the world. Hypertension results in changes leading to function disorders, not only of the organs and tissues, but also changes leading to the activation of many defense mechanisms in the cells in order to prevent damage. One of them is the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) hormones and biologically active substances, which has been the focus of extensive research for a number of years. Active involvement of NE cells and the biological and therapeutic properties of various substances synthesized by them have been confirmed in clinical trials and in various experimental models. Results obtained in many research studies indicate intense activity of enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract in various pathological conditions, including hypertension. In the present review, we discuss the morphological and functional changes of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cells under conditions of different types of hypertension.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

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