Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cells in various types of hypertension – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
M. Niezgoda ◽  
I. Kasacka
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Active Substances

Recent years have witnessed a progressive increase in the number of people suffering from hypertension, which is one of the most serious health problems in the world. Hypertension results in changes leading to function disorders, not only of the organs and tissues, but also changes leading to the activation of many defense mechanisms in the cells in order to prevent damage. One of them is the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) hormones and biologically active substances, which has been the focus of extensive research for a number of years. Active involvement of NE cells and the biological and therapeutic properties of various substances synthesized by them have been confirmed in clinical trials and in various experimental models. Results obtained in many research studies indicate intense activity of enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract in various pathological conditions, including hypertension. In the present review, we discuss the morphological and functional changes of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cells under conditions of different types of hypertension.

scholarly journals NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES OF THE RAT’S LUNGS IN EXPERIMENTAL ASTHMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
M A Syrczova ◽  
D E Korzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Neuroepithelial Bodies ◽  
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Active Substances

The epithelium of the respiratory tract of mammalian lungs contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, represented by both single cells and innervated clusters forming neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). Since NEB are intensively innervated and produce highly specific biologically active substances, such as the bronchoconstrictor serotonin, the level of which increases during hypoxia, it is assumed that these structures can play a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA).The purpose of this study was to the detection and analysis of NEB in the lungs with experimental BA.For the study, we used the lungs of sexually mature Wistar rats (n = 5). NEB was detected by monoclonal antibodies to synaptophysine.It has been found but that in the context of experimental asthma 76.6% NEB were located as part of a simple cuboidal epithelium of small bronchi and respiratory bronchioles. 17.6% of NEB were found in the composition of the epithelial layer and only 5.8% are single NEB in the composition of the epithelium of the small bronchi. At the same time, a greater number of NEB localized in the bronchi were composed of 6 cells (46.2%), 38.5% of 4 cells, and 15.3% of more than 10 cells in one cluster. As in our previous studies, most of the NEB were located in the vicinity of the synaptophysi-immunopositive terminals. Against the background of asthma occurred reduction in the number of large clusters NEB and increased concentrations of medium size of NEB. The results obtained indicate the effect of inflammation on the functional features of the neuroendocrine system of the lungs and the possible contribution of NEB to the inflammatory cascade in BA.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the treatment of cows with mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
D. B. Zainettinova ◽  
N. N. Muhamadieva ◽  
M. N. Julanov ◽  
V. Yu. Stefanyk ◽  
V. V. Zaviruha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Active Substances

The main sector of agriculture in Kazakhstan, including the East Kazakhstan region is cattle breeding and, in particular, cattle breeding, which is determined by climatic and geographical conditions. However, successful reproduction and increase in livestock productivity is largely hampered by infertility and mastitis, and as a result they cause significant economic damage and reduce the reproduction rate and profitability of dairy cattle. Recently, the number of subclinical mastitis in cows has increased, which subsequently lead to profound morphological and functional changes in the mammary gland, a decrease in milk productivity and quality. Mastitis can be caused by various reasons, primarily poor or inadequate feeding, poor care, improper maintenance and use of animals, negligent attitudes towards organizing and conducting artificial insemination, due to various diseases of the genital organs, which appear most often during childbirth and the postpartum period. The quality control of the milk of cows was investigated by California test and DEDM (Device for Express Diagnostic of Mastitis). The express methods that we used allowed us to identify the subclinical and clinical forms of mastitis and timely treat it. Laboratory studies on the presence of somatic cells in milk were also conducted. After the detection of breast diseases, complex symptomatic treatment was performed. For the treatment of various forms of mastitis, drugs were used: mastiet forte - intracisternally for five days at a dose of 10 ml 2 times a day for five days in a row. Mastiet Forte has a high therapeutic efficacy in subclinical and clinical forms of cow mastitis. And the drug ketoprof  has also been used. Ketoprof  as an anti-inflammatory agent was used intramuscularly – 3 ml per 100 kg of animal weight 1 time per day for 3 days in a row. Klineksin 5%, as an antibacterial agent, was used intramuscularly at a dose of 1 ml per 50 kg of body weight 1 time per day for 3 days in a row. Antimicrobial agents and biologically active substances needed to be combined for successful therapy. Such biologically active substances include vitamin of Helsivit. They were used subcutaneously – 6 ml once.

scholarly journals https://iaph.in/international-journal-of-experimental-research-and-review-ijerr-vol-2-28-31-2016-www-iaph-in/

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Bhanumati Sarkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Coumarin Compounds ◽  
Active Substances

Population explosion in certain parts of the world, especially in the developing countries like India, has led to a continuous effort towards development. The therapeutic properties of medicinal plants are conditioned by the presence in their organs of active substances, such as alkaloids, glycosides, vitamins, tanins and coumarin compounds which physiologically affects the bodies of humans and animals or which are biologically active in relation to causative agents of various diseases. The tribal people and ethnic races throughout the world have developed their own medical practices. The root extract of Abutilon indicum (L.) (Beng-Potari) was selected for the present experimental study of antifertility activity in the male albino mice. Treatment after seven days (dosage of 1 g/kg.bw./day), the gradual decease in the seminiferous tubular area. Nuclear diameter of epithelial cells and tubular area of the epididymis, Sertoli cells and sperm populations were also decreased significantly.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

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