Influence of additional tasks on forming cognitive set (electroencephalographic investigation)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Irina Anatolyevna Yakovenko ◽  
Yevgeniy Alekseyevich Cheremushkin ◽  
Mikhail Kirillovich Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Coefficient ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Set ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Image ◽  
Beta Rhythm ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visual Set

Beta-rhythm parameters were investigated during different conditions of forming cognitive set to emotional facial expression. Formation of visual set to facial emotion recognition was supplemented with three types of additional tasks: a) verbal - to tell word from a pseudoword; b) visuospatial - to find a target stimulus among other; c) extending the interstimuli time up to 8 sec between the target (facial image) and starting (spot light) stimuli. Formation of visual set was characterized increase mean level and latency maximum of wavelet coefficient (WLC) beta-rhythm in experiment with extending the interstimuli time. The mean level, maximum and latency maximum of wavelet coefficient (WLC) beta-rhythm increased during the tasting stage of set with verbal and visuospatial additional tasks. This experimental paradigm could use for revelation children with unripeness fronto-thalamic and trunk cortico-subcortical activation systems.

scholarly journals The Extensive Usage of the Facial Image Threshing Machine for Facial Emotion Recognition Performance

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2026
Author(s):  
Jung Hwan Kim ◽  
Alwin Poulose ◽  
Dong Seog Han
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Facial Image ◽  
Facial Images

Facial emotion recognition (FER) systems play a significant role in identifying driver emotions. Accurate facial emotion recognition of drivers in autonomous vehicles reduces road rage. However, training even the advanced FER model without proper datasets causes poor performance in real-time testing. FER system performance is heavily affected by the quality of datasets than the quality of the algorithms. To improve FER system performance for autonomous vehicles, we propose a facial image threshing (FIT) machine that uses advanced features of pre-trained facial recognition and training from the Xception algorithm. The FIT machine involved removing irrelevant facial images, collecting facial images, correcting misplacing face data, and merging original datasets on a massive scale, in addition to the data-augmentation technique. The final FER results of the proposed method improved the validation accuracy by 16.95% over the conventional approach with the FER 2013 dataset. The confusion matrix evaluation based on the unseen private dataset shows a 5% improvement over the original approach with the FER 2013 dataset to confirm the real-time testing.

scholarly journals Precursor processes of human self-initiated action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalighinejad ◽  
Aaron Schurger ◽  
Andrea Desantis ◽  
Leor Zmigrod ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Additional Assumption ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Neural Noise ◽  
Input Noise ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
The Mean

AbstractA gradual buildup of electrical potential over motor areas precedes self-initiated movements. Recently, such “readiness potentials” (RPs) were attributed to stochastic fluctuations in neural activity. We developed a new experimental paradigm that operationalised self-initiated actions as endogenous ‘skip’ responses while waiting for target stimuli in a perceptual decision task. We compared these to a block of trials where participants could not choose when to skip, but were instead instructed to skip. Frequency and timing of motor action were therefore balanced across blocks, so that conditions differed only in how the timing of skip decisions was generated. We reasoned that across-trial variability of EEG could carry as much information about the source of skip decisions as the mean RP. EEG variability decreased more markedly prior to self-initiated compared to externally-triggered skip actions. This convergence suggests a consistent preparatory process prior to self-initiated action. A leaky stochastic accumulator model could reproduce this convergence given the additional assumption of a systematic decrease in input noise prior to self-initiated actions. Our results may provide a novel neurophysiological perspective on the topical debate regarding whether self-initiated actions arise from a deterministic neurocognitive process, or from neural stochasticity. We suggest that the key precursor of self-initiated action may manifest as a reduction in neural noise.

Perception of Synthetic Visual Consonant-Vowel Articulations

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Walden ◽  
Allen A. Montgomery ◽  
Robert A. Prosek
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Response Category ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

Synthetic speech-like articulations were presented to adult subjects via the visual modality, following the classic categorical perception experimental paradigm (Liberman, Harris, Hoffman, & Griffith, 1957). Animations were generated on a computer-based graphics system. Stimuli consisted of representations of the syllables /b/,/v b/, and/w b/; as well as 6 linearly interpolated intermediate stimuli between each of the possible exemplar pairs, resulting in three 8-item continua. Three sets of observations were obtained for these stimuli. First, for each continuum, labeling data were obtained in which the subject assigned one or the other exemplar label to each of the stimuli. Next, ABX discrimination data were obtained for each continuum. In the final task, subjects assigned a rating of one through nine to each animation indicating the extent to which it was like the exemplar syllables. Although the labeling functions showed rather abrupt transitions from one response category to the other, the peaks in the discrimination functions did not coincide with the category boundaries. Further, the mean rating functions were relatively linear, and the distribution of rating responses revealed unimodal distributions whose peak locations differed depending on the stimulus.

scholarly journals Structured Learning and Prediction in Facial Emotion Classification and Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Structured Learning ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Emotional Face ◽  
Facial Images

Structured prediction methods have become, in recent years, an attractive tool for many machine-learning applications especially in the image processing area as in customers satisfaction prediction by using facial recognition systems, in criminal investigations based on face sketches recognition, in aid to autistic children and so. The main objective of this paper is the identification of the emotion of the human being, based on their facial expressions, by applying structured learning and perfect face ratios. The basic idea of our approach is to extract the perfect face ratios from a facial emotion image as the features, this face emotional images are labeled with their kind of emotions (the seven emotions defined in literature). For this end, first we determined sixty-eight landmarks point of image faces, next we applied a new deep geometric descriptor to calculate sixteen features representing the emotional face. The training and the testing tasks are applied to the Warsaw dataset: The Set of Emotional Facial Expression Pictures (WSEFEP) dataset. Our proposed approach can be also applied in others competitor facial emotion datasets. Based on experiments, the evaluation demonstrates the satisfactory performance of our applied method, the recognition rate reaches more than 97% for all seven emotions studied and it exceeds 99.20% for neutral facial images.

Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Stars ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Filter Photometry ◽  
The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

A one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lecar
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Phase Space Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Phase Space ◽  
The Mean

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

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