Emblemática e iconografía virreinal. Las apuestas de Diego León Pinelo y Francisco De Ávila (Lima, siglo XVII)

Emblematics in the Viceroyalty of Peru functioned as an intertextual system that established connections between models of emblems already consecrated and the shared use of symbols, Latin phrases and compositions that are related to —but also oppose and divert from— Western symbolic traditions. Hypomnema apologeticum pro Academia Limensi, by jurist Diego León Pinelo (1608-1671), and Tratado de los Evangelios, by the slayer of idolatries and Canon of the Cathedral of Lima, Francisco de Ávila (1573-1647), both published in Lima in 1648, had each front covers that are analyzed based on the visual set they incorporate, which is made up of allegorical images and emblems, and their contexts of production. The vice-regal visual rhetoric reveals that it was not only aimed at exalting monarchical and counter-reformist power and politics, but also at developing the identity of the artists in charge of the engravings. Paradoxically, both images can be considered as a failure on different levels, but also as a triumph within the symbolic struggle of every affirmation of identity whose verb-visual rhetoric remains fixed in memories that many people could decipher.

A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Functioning in the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants

Objectives:The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) has disparate pathological and anatomical features when compared to the semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent (nfvPPA) variants of PPA. As such, there is increasing need for measures that improve diagnostic accuracy particularly when etiology-specific treatments become available. In the current study, we used meta-analytic methods to establish the neuropsychological profile of lvPPA and compare it to recent findings in svPPA and nfvPPA.Methods:We extracted neuropsychological data from 51 publications representing 663 lvPPA patients and 1379 controls. We calculated Hedges’ g effect sizes for nine domains of neuropsychological functioning in lvPPA and assessed the influence of demographic, disease, and task characteristics on effect size magnitude. Results obtained in lvPPA were compared to findings in svPPA and nfvPPA.Results:In lvPPA, the magnitude of deficits in attention, math, visuospatial memory, and executive functioning were as prominent as language deficits. Within the language domain, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater naming than repetition deficits. Compared to svPPA and nfvPPA, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater neuropsychological deficits overall and greater impairment on attention, math, and visual set-shifting tests.Conclusions:Tests of attention, delayed visuospatial memory, visual set-shifting, and math distinguish lvPPA from svPPA and nfvPPA likely reflecting the posterior temporoparietal atrophy observed early in the course of lvPPA. These findings support the inclusion of these measures in the clinical neuropsychological assessment of lvPPA and underscore the need for additional clinicopathological and longitudinal studies of arithmetic and visuospatial memory across the PPA variants.

Influence of additional tasks on forming cognitive set (electroencephalographic investigation)

Beta-rhythm parameters were investigated during different conditions of forming cognitive set to emotional facial expression. Formation of visual set to facial emotion recognition was supplemented with three types of additional tasks: a) verbal - to tell word from a pseudoword; b) visuospatial - to find a target stimulus among other; c) extending the interstimuli time up to 8 sec between the target (facial image) and starting (spot light) stimuli. Formation of visual set was characterized increase mean level and latency maximum of wavelet coefficient (WLC) beta-rhythm in experiment with extending the interstimuli time. The mean level, maximum and latency maximum of wavelet coefficient (WLC) beta-rhythm increased during the tasting stage of set with verbal and visuospatial additional tasks. This experimental paradigm could use for revelation children with unripeness fronto-thalamic and trunk cortico-subcortical activation systems.

Visual Set and Anxiety in the Stroop Phenomenon

The effects of a visual set, the Stroop phenomenon, and anxiety —as measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—upon response latency were examined. Three variations of the set were presented, a color congruent with the response color, a color conflicting with the response color, or no color. Two response conditions were required, reading the color word or reporting the color in which the word was printed. “Reporting the color” had a significantly longer response latency than “reading the word” for all 60 subjects, female volunteers from freshman psychology classes. There was also a significant interaction between anxiety and the Stroop. The medium-anxiety group showed the least discrepancy between the response conditions of the Stroop, indicating the interference effect present in the Stroop phenomenon was least influential for this group. A consistent though not significant difference between the congruent set and conflicting set conditions for the color response as opposed to the word response indicated that, when the set is similar to the response, it is more influential than when it is unrelated.