The role of N-cholinoreceptors in somatovisceral intersystemic interactions in early rat ontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Sizonov ◽  
Ludmila E. Dmitrieva ◽  
Sergey V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Intersystemic Interactions ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Effects

Interaction of slow-wave rhythmic components of cardiac, respiratory and motor activities was analyzed in non-narcotized of newborn 1-day-old (P1) and 16-day-old (P16) Wistar rat pups under normal and impaired cholinergic regulation. Functional activity of these three systems is rhythmic, and coordination of their functioning is an important element of the mechanism of adaptive rearrangements under changing factors of the external and internal environment. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (eserine) was used to increase the level of endogenous acetylcholine and enhance cholinergic effects. To reveal the role of N-cholinoreceptors in intersystemic somatovisceral interactions (ISI), we performed blockade of this receptor type with benzohexonium. Administration of physostigmine leads to the development of a number of pathological reactions and a decrease in the level of ISI in all ranges of modulating rhythms in rats of both ages. ISI in younger rats appear to be more resistant to changes in the level of cholinergic activation. Blockade of N-cholinoreceptors causes inhibition of ISI at P1 and partially to their potentialization at P16. The activation of cholinoreactive structures, which occurred against the background of cholinoreceptors blockade, reduces the pathological effects of physostigmine in animals of both ages, but at the same time leads to an attenuation of ISI. This weakening is more pronounced in 16-day old rats, which may indicate the formation of the definitive level of cholinergic regulation in the first weeks of postnatal ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Proconvulsant Action of Two GABAB Receptor Antagonists Is Age-Dependent

2013 ◽  
pp. S109-S114 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MAREŠ
Keyword(s):  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gabab Receptors ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Gabab Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Epileptic Afterdischarges

Antagonists of GABAB receptors are expected to have proconvulsant action also in developing brain. Two antagonists (CGP55845 and CGP46381) were tested in a model of cortical epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) in 12-, 18- and 25-day-old rat pups with implanted electrodes. CGP55845 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and the results demonstrated marked proconvulsant action of this solvent which masked possible action of the antagonist. Water soluble antagonist CGP46381 led to marked potentiation of ADs in 12-day-old animals, its action decreased with age, it was negligible in 25-day-old rats. Our results demonstrated important inhibitory role of GABAB receptors at very early stages of maturation.

Neonatal and maternal prostaglandin in the ontogenic response of rat gastric mucosa to H+

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. G142-G150
Author(s):  
C. E. Thorn ◽  
B. L. Tepperman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Rat Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Gastric Permeability

We have previously demonstrated that neonatal rat stomach is less susceptible to luminal H+ when compared with the adult. In the present study we investigate the role of endogenous prostaglandins (PG) in the ontogeny of gastric permeability responses to H+. Responses to luminal instillation of 250 mN HCl were measured in rats at 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after birth. Mucosal responses were measured in terms of loss of H+ and appearance of Na+, K+, and protein in the luminal instillate. Indomethacin (IM; 8 mg/kg sc) administration to rat pups reduced mucosal levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha). In response to intraluminal HCl, the reduction of mucosal PG did not significantly affect transmucosal fluxes of ions and protein when compared with control pups. IM was also given to lactating dams on days just prior to the pups being 10, 15, 20, and 25 days old. IM treatment significantly reduced the content of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in maternal milk. Permeability responses in pups from IM-treated dams were increased over pups from control dams. This effect was not observed in 25-day-old rats. Treatment of pups from IM-injected dams with PGE2 but not PGI2 partially restored the permeability responses to luminal H+ to levels observed in pups from control dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Role of pups' ultrasonic calls in a particular maternal behavior in Wistar rat: pups' anogenital licking

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brouette-Lahlou ◽  
E. Vernet-Maury ◽  
M. Vigouroux
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Ultrasonic Calls

Follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent estrogen secretion by rat Sertoli cells in vitro: Modulation by calcium

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alan Talbot ◽  
Ann Lambert ◽  
Robert Mitchell ◽  
Marek Grabinski ◽  
David C. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Estradiol Secretion ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract We have investigated the role of Ca2+ in the control of FSH-induced estradiol secretion by Sertoli cells isolated from 8-10 days old rats. Exogenous Ca2+ (4-8 mmol/1) inhibited FSH-stimulated E2 secretion such that, with 8 mmol/l Ca2+ and FSH (8 IU/l) E2 secretion decreased from 2091±322 to 1480±84 pmol/l (p<0.002), whilst chelation of Ca2+ in the culture medium with EGTA (3 mmol/l) increased E2 secretion from 360±45 to 1242±133 pmol/l) in the absence of FSH. Further, EGTA (3 mmol/l) markedly potentiated FSH (8 IU/l), forskolin (1 μmol/l) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mmol/l)-stimulated E2 secretion. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophores, ionomycin (2-5 μmol/l) and A23187 (2 μmol/l), inhibited FSH (8 IU/l)-stimulated E2 secretion by >80%. The effect of ionomycin was totally reversible, whereas that of A23187 was irreversible. Ionomycin (5 μmol/l) had no effect on EGTA-induced E2 secretion in the absence of FSH, but reduced EGTA-provoked E2 secretion by 59% in the presence of FSH (8 IU/l). Similarly, forskolin- and dibutyryl cAMP-provoked E2 production was inhibited 46-50% by ionomycin (5 μmol/l). We conclude that FSH-induced E2 secretion from immature rat Sertoli cells is modulated by intra- and extracellular Ca2+.

THE ROLE OF THE MOTHER IN 131I METABOLISM OF SUCKING AND WEANLING RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Samel ◽  
A. Caputa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
In Utero ◽  
The State ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Old Rats

In newborn rats the mother provokes the emptying of the urinary bladder by stimulating the perineum with her tongue. The possibility that mothers may thereby ingest the urine of their young has been studied by means of 131I on nine litters of rats aged 10 to 29 days. The results indicate that a considerable quantity of 131I administered intraperitoneally to 10- and 18-day-old rats, which were then reunited with their mothers for 4 hours, reappears in the organism of uninjected nurslings after passing through the organism of the mother. The amount of 131I transferred from injected rats into the bodies of isolated uninjected rats of the same litter decreased during the period of weaning. The observed recirculation of 131I between immature rats and their mothers in both directions may represent a saving mechanism which might include several other substances and would compensate for their loss via the milk, and suggests a new aspect of maternal–neonatal interrelationship which appears as a continuation of the state existing in utero.

Mild aerobic training with blood flow restriction increases the hypertrophy index and MuSK in both slow and fast muscles of old rats: Role of PGC-1α

Life Sciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Ali Bahreinipour ◽  
Siyavash Joukar ◽  
Fariborz Hovanloo ◽  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Vida Naderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Fast Muscles ◽  
Slow And Fast Muscles

Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: II. Caries Susceptibility in Underfed Rats Supplemented with Protein or Caloric Additions During the Suckling Period

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Menaker ◽  
Juan M. Navia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Incidence

The specific role of protein deficiency in altering dental caries incidence in rat pups was investigated. A 10% protein supplement given to undernourished rats during development allowed them to overcome weight deficiencies and reversed dental caries to the low incidence found in well-nourished control rats. Caries in undernourished rats supplemented with an isocaloric, proteinfree solution, was as high as that of undernourished rats intubated with distilled water.

Plasma constituents and mortality in rat pups given chronic insulin via injection, pellet, or osmotic minipump

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl I Thompson ◽  
John W Munford ◽  
Edward H Buell ◽  
Robert J Karry ◽  
Charles T Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Subcutaneous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Osmotic Minipump ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Old Rats

Two studies compared the glucose responses of 9-day-old rats given subcutaneous insulin, either continuously or via daily injection, for 10 days. In Experiment 1, implanted pellets released a total of 0, 1.9, or 5.7 U insulin/kg the first 24 h. Injected doses were larger, 0 or 8 U/kg. Injections caused no deaths, but insulin-releasing pellets caused high mortality within 24 h. Pups surviving the pellets were normoglycemic by treatment day 8. In Experiment 2, pups received 0.184 U of insulin daily, approximately 8 U/kg at 9 days, via either injection or osmotic minipump. All pups survived. Injected pups were hypoglycemic 2 h postinjection through treatment day 10, whereas pups with insulin minipumps were normoglycemic by day 5. Insulin injections, but not minipumps, lowered plasma triglycerides on day 10. To examine age differences in response to insulin, additional pups and adults received daily injections of 0 or 8 U/kg for 10 days. All survived. Insulin lowered plasma glucose more in pups than in adults and reduced triglycerides in pups but not in adults. The rapid development of normoglycemia in pups with insulin minipumps, compared with pups injected daily with the same dose, suggests that continuous early insulin may produce insulin resistance.Key words: route of insulin administration, insulin resistance, mortality, plasma glucose, development.

Peculiarities of the ultrastructure of neurons of the neocortex of 5-day-day rats under conditions of prenatal alcoholization

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
L. I. Bon ◽  
◽  
S. M. Zimatkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Antenatal Alcoholization

The aim of this work was to study the ultrastructure of the internal pyramidal neurons of the neocortex of 5-day-old rat pups after antenatal alcoholization. The studies were carried out on female outbred white rats with an initial weight of 230 ± 20 g and their offspring. Prenatal alcoholization causes deep and varied ultrastructural changes in pyramidal neurons in the neocortex of 5-day-old rats. Moreover, these violations of direct action not only as a consequence of the damaging effect of alcohol, its metabolite acetehyde or the oxidative stress they cause on the membranes and organelles of neurons during embryogenesis, but also as a violation of the normal "program" of development" of neurons in the cortex.

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