Wage premiums of university degrees are strong

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wage Premiums

The New Closed Shop? The Economic and Structural Effects of Occupational Licensure

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Redbird
Keyword(s):  
Structural Effects ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Occupational Closure ◽  
Historically Disadvantaged ◽  
Prevalent Form ◽  
Broad Consensus

During the past few decades, licensure, a state-enforced mechanism for regulating occupational entry, quickly became the most prevalent form of occupational closure. Broad consensus among researchers holds that licensure creates wage premiums by establishing economic monopolies. This article demonstrates that, contrary to established wisdom, licensure does not limit competition, nor does it increase wages. Results are based on a new occupational dataset, covering 30 years, that exploits interstate variability in licensure across the 300 census-identified occupations. I argue that licensure, instead of increasing wages, creates a set of institutional mechanisms that enhance entry into the occupation, particularly for historically disadvantaged groups, while simultaneously stagnating quality.

scholarly journals How large is the global living wage gap and the price increase needed to close it?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-574
Author(s):  
Murray R Hall ◽  
Sangwon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Domestic Price ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Ethical Trade ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Closing The Gap

Abstract We estimated the global living wage gap (LWG) as $US674 billion per year, which is comparable to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Switzerland. India (IND), the largest LWG country, contributed 32% of the global LWG. For a pair of jeans, closing the gap increases low-skilled cotton and textile wages in IND by 137% and 52%, respectively, while the retail price would increase only by 8% if consumed in Western countries. However, we found that most of the outputs with large LWGs from low-income countries are consumed domestically, suggesting that (a) closing the gap significantly increases the domestic price of products such as agriculture and textiles in low-income countries; and that (b) living wage premiums in high-income countries alone have a limited impact on closing the global LWG. The results highlight the need for both ethical trade and domestic living wage initiatives to close global LWGs.

scholarly journals Industry And Skill Wage Premiums In East Asia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela di Gropello ◽  
Chris Sakellariou
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Wage Premiums

Workers' Compensation, Job Hazards, and Wages

ILR Review ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Dorsey ◽  
Norman Walzer
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Compensating Wage Differentials ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Downward Bias ◽  
Employer Liability ◽  
Wage Risk ◽  
Nonfatal Injury

Competitive theory implies that compensating wage differentials will be paid to workers in hazardous employment, but only to the extent that employees are liable for risk. This prediction suggests that previous estimates of wage-risk premiums may be biased as a result of the failure to control for variations in workers' compensation benefits across states. The authors of this paper test an empirical model of compensating wage differentials that includes a measure of employer liability. For nonunion workers, they find that significant wage premiums are paid for an increased probability or severity of nonfatal injury; a slight downward bias in these estimates results from omitting the liability variable; and increases in employers' costs of workers' compensation are offset dollar-for-dollar by reduced wages. For union workers, however, the evidence on compensating differentials is mixed, and there is no suggestion of a trade-off between wages and the costs of workers' compensation.

scholarly journals Intracohort Trends in Ethnic Earnings Gaps: The Role of Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311984574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Limor Gabay-Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The Life Course

This study demonstrates that studying ethnic/racial inequality on the basis of cross-sectional data conceals how such inequality might unfold over the life course. Moving beyond a snapshot perspective, we ask, Do Israel’s Jewish ethnic groups differ in their long-term earnings trajectories? Analyzing nearly 20 years of registered earnings data, the authors find that for the same cohort (25- to 32-year-old Jews in 1995), the ethnic earnings gap has widened over these years. This trend, we demonstrate, is explained largely by increasing wage premiums for college degree, even when these premiums are ethnicity blind. That is, ethnic inequality in educational attainment is translated to increasing ethnic earnings inequality over the life course. This pattern cannot be detected in previous research in Israel, which relied on the snapshot perspective on the basis of cross-sectional data. The consequences of these findings for changes in inequality in divided societies are discussed.

Unions and Non-Standard Work: Union Representation and Wage Premiums across Non-Standard Work Arrangements in Canada, 1997–2014

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gomez ◽  
Danielle Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Union Wage ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Union Wage Premium ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Union Representation

The authors examine the association between unionization and non-standard work in terms of coverage and wages. They use data from the master files of Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS) between 1997–98 and 2013–14 to define and measure non-standard work and to provide a continuum of vulnerability across work arrangements. The estimated probability of being employed in some form of non-permanent job increased 2.9 percentage points from 1997 to 2014. During that same period, the estimated probability of being in a non-full-time, non-permanent job—another way of capturing non-standard work—increased 2.5 percentage points. Although estimated union wage premiums declined rather precipitously for all groups, the union wage advantage remained highest among non-standard workers. Further, the authors find the union wage premium is largest for the most vulnerable of non-standard workers. In terms of estimates that look across the earnings distribution, the union wage premium among non-standard workers is larger for workers higher up the earnings profile.

Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nicholson ◽  
Andreas Pekarek ◽  
Peter Gahan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Regulatory Scrutiny ◽  
Membership Decline ◽  
Public Sector Bargaining ◽  
Union Governance ◽  
Level Of Agreement

In 2016, Australian unions faced a mix of new and enduring challenges. A re-elected Conservative federal government made life difficult for unions, maintaining its hard-line approach to public sector bargaining and passing new laws to intensify regulatory scrutiny of union governance and tactics. Unions continued to secure wage premiums through enterprise bargaining, but the longer-term decline in the level of agreement-making and the number of workers covered by enterprise agreements continued. Disputation rose, although less than half of all disputes were caused by enterprise bargaining. Concern over ongoing membership decline saw unions explore and experiment with organisational reforms and initiatives as new, ‘union-like’ actors entered the field. However, our analysis of longer-term membership developments across union types suggests the outlook is alarming for all but those unions focused on occupational identity.

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