broad consensus
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Significance Since taking office, President Jair Bolsonaro has pledged a series of privatisations but with few advances to date. Finance Minister Paulo Guedes has recently stressed that the government wants to deliver the privatisation of Correios in 2022. In August, the Lower Chamber approved privatisation, but the Senate has postponed a vote on the issue. Impacts There will be no broad consensus among Brazilians in favour of privatising Correios. The benefits of the Correios privatisation remain unclear, undermining arguments in its favour. The government will try to accelerate privatisations as one of the pillars of its liberal economic agenda ahead of elections.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Manhaeve ◽  
Giuseppe Marra ◽  
Thomas Demeester ◽  
Sebastijan Dumančić ◽  
Angelika Kimmig ◽  
...  

There is a broad consensus that both learning and reasoning are essential to achieve true artificial intelligence. This has put the quest for neural-symbolic artificial intelligence (NeSy) high on the research agenda. In the past decade, neural networks have caused great advances in the field of machine learning. Conversely, the two most prominent frameworks for reasoning are logic and probability. While in the past they were studied by separate communities, a significant number of researchers has been working towards their integration, cf. the area of statistical relational artificial intelligence (StarAI). Generally, NeSy systems integrate logic with neural networks. However, probability theory has already been integrated with both logic (cf. StarAI) and neural networks. It therefore makes sense to consider the integration of logic, neural networks and probabilities. In this chapter, we first consider these three base paradigms separately. Then, we look at the well established integrations, NeSy and StarAI. Next, we consider the integration of all three paradigms as Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming, and exemplify it with the DeepProbLog framework. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the state of the art, and consider future directions based on the parallels between StarAI and NeSy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-23

Abstract Biography takes the scant facts of a life that are available to scrutiny, like the waypoints on a journey to be mapped, and attempts to form a coherent narrative from them. That coherence is, to at least some degree, contingent upon the ideological position of the author and as Michael Benton has noted, “the biographical subject is a textual creation as much as a historical recreation.” While fully acknowledging that one cannot “read back” from the works of an author to their life, Benton has described the substance of literary outputs as “quasi-facts” to be set beside “historical facts” and argued that these “can be seen as reflecting some contemporary events or as sublimating some experiences in the writer’s past or mirroring some authorial state of mind.” This article draws on the First Violin Sonata as such a quasi-fact of Bartók’s life to question whether biographical information can or should impact the ways that we understand and perform his music. The article additionally considers whether the content of individual works as mental products may have something tangible to impart about their composer’s personality. Given the broad consensus around the so-called “Five-Factor Model” of personality measurement within the field of psychology, it speculates whether this might offer a tool to refine our portrait of Bartók through analysis of his music.


2021 ◽  
pp. 097340822110566
Author(s):  
Christian Rammel ◽  
Oliver Vettori

There is a broad consensus that universities have the potential to act as drivers of education for sustainable development (ESD) and constitute fundamental vehicles to explore, test, develop and communicate conditions for necessary socio-ecological transformations. This goes hand in hand with stronger acknowledgment of the societal role of universities and the related need for a new transformative paradigm of sustainable higher education. Before such a paradigm can be established, before higher education can be transformative, universities themselves must be transformed. Despite various pioneer projects and frontrunners of sustainable universities, real transformations are still rare though.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 394-394
Author(s):  
Jeung Hyun Kim ◽  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
Maria Brown ◽  
Merril Silverstein

Abstract Objective This study aims to identify multiple dimensions of religiosity among young adults at the beginning and end of the transition to adulthood, and describe how transition patterns of religiosity in early adulthood are associated with filial elder-care norms in midlife. Background There is a broad consensus that religiosity is multidimensional in nature, but less is known regarding transitions in multiple dimensions of religiosity from early to middle adulthood and predicted filial eldercare norms as a function of those religiosity transitions. Methods The sample consisted of 368 young adults participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations in 2000 (mean age = 23 years) and 2016 waves. We conducted a latent class and latent transition analyses to address our aims. Results We identified three religious latent classes among young adults in both 2000 and 2016 waves: strongly religious, weakly religious, and doctrinally religious. Staying strongly religious young adults between 2000 to 2016 waves reported higher filial elder-care norms in the 2016 Wave than those who were in staying weakly religious, staying doctrinally religious, and decreasing religiosity transition patterns between 2000 to 2016 waves. Conclusion Our findings suggest that religiosity is still an important value for young adults shaping their intergenerational relationships with their aging parents. Keywords: religiosity, filial eldercare norms, young adults, transition to adulthood


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Lux ◽  
Heinz Kindler ◽  
Sabine Walper ◽  
Janin Zimmermann

Following parental separation, parents face the question of how to develop a suitable parenting plan for their children in the future. While there is a broad consensus that maintaining relationships with both parents is generally beneficial for children, there is great uncertainty about how this should be implemented in individual cases and the importance of different contextual factors. This paper provides an attachment-informed perspective on aspects of children's relationships in the context of separation and divorce that might be relevant when making decisions about parenting plans. The focus is on the amount of time and overnights spent with each parent in early childhood, when attachment relationships are still being formed. In addition to beneficial aspects, factors associated with increased stress and emotional insecurity for children, such as the role of interparental conflict and gatekeeping behavior, are also highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendations on interventions for families experiencing conflict.


Significance There is broad consensus that security sector reform is necessary, but lingering concern that the government lacks a coherent plan, and will end up being distracted by other issues. Impacts The economic crisis resulting from the debt crisis will continue to put the government under severe fiscal pressure. Small amounts of gas should begin to be exported in 2022, but uncertainty over the timelines for larger projects will persist. Mozambique’s relations with neighbours should continue to improve over the immediate term.


2021 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld

Chapter 12 reviews research on the educational progress of children raised in different kinds of families. Using data from the 2000 U.S. census, the chapter shows that children raised by same-sex couples had good outcomes, which was consistent with a broad consensus of social science studies. In contrast to the negligible difference in educational progress between children raised by same-sex couples and children raised by heterosexual couples, there are many dimensions of social life that are strongly associated with children’s educational progress in the U.S. These more predictive dimensions include race, gender of the child, parental social class, parental education, region, disability, children raised in families as compared to children under the care of the state or foster children, and rural compared to urban and suburban residence. This research was featured in the DeBoer v Snyder trial.


Keyword(s):  

Headline IRAQ: Tensions will promote broad consensus government


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
John Powers

By the twelfth century, a broad consensus had developed among Tibetan Buddhists: The Middle Way School (Madhyamaka) of Nāgārjuna (c. 2nd century), as interpreted by Candrakīrti (c. 600–650), would be normative in Tibet. However, Tibetans had inherited various trajectories of commentary on Madhyamaka, and schools of thought developed, each with a particular reading. This article will examine some of the major competing philosophical stances, focusing on three figures who represent particularly compelling interpretations, but whose understandings of Madhyamaka are profoundly divergent: Daktsang Sherap Rinchen (1405–1477), Wangchuk Dorjé, the 9th Karmapa (1556–1603), and Purchok Ngawang Jampa (1682–1762). The former two contend that Nāgārjuna’s statement “I have no thesis” (nāsti ca mama pratijñā) means exactly what it says, while the latter advocates what could be termed an “anthropological” approach: Mādhyamikas, when speaking as Mādhyamikas, only report what “the world” says, without taking any stance of their own; but their understanding of Buddhism is based on insight gained through intensive meditation training. This article will focus on how these three philosophers figure in the history of Tibetan Madhyamaka exegesis and how their respective readings of Indic texts incorporate elements of previous work while moving interpretation in new directions.


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