scholarly journals Targeted and Immune Therapies in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer—Latest Advances

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Suresh S Ramalingam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Expert Interview

In recent years the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been transformed. The emergence of therapies targeting specific genetic alterations, such as epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the transmembrane protein programmed death-1 (PD1) and its ligand (PDL1), has increased the therapeutic options for patients with NSCLC. In an expert interview, Suresh S Ramalingam discusses recent advances in targeted and immune therapy and considers the role of chemotherapy within this rapidly evolving therapeutic paradigm.

Response to Osimertinib in a Patient With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Two Uncommon EGFR mutations

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Christoforos Astaras ◽  
Adrienne Bettini ◽  
Daniel C. Betticher
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Exon 20

In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are one of the most frequent oncogenic drivers. They confer a favorable prognosis and strongly predict sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Over the last decades, several EGFR genetic alterations, common and uncommon mutations, have been described in exons 18−21. Common mutations are exon 19 deletions (most frequently E746-A750) and exon 21 L858R substitution. Uncommon mutations include exon 18 G719X, exon 20 S768l, exon 21 L861Q and many other rare ones. This report describes the case of a 55-year-old woman with a newly diagnosed metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring two rare EGFR mutations and showing sustained response to osimertinib.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Tu Nguyen-Ngoc ◽  
Martin Reck ◽  
Daniel SW Tan ◽  
Solange Peters ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma

In the last decade, the emergence of targeted therapies has changed the treatment paradigm for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The growing availability of therapies targeting specific genetic alterations, such as epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, have led to changes in the guidelines to reflect the need for molecular profiling. More recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have been investigated in the treatment setting of NSCLC, and these may provide superior outcomes and have substantially better tolerability compared to chemotherapy. Immunotherapies currently available for NSCLC include the checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Several other anti-PD-L1 compounds such as atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab are also very advanced in clinical investigation, in monotherapy as well as in combination with immune priming phase activators anti-CTLA4 ipilimumab and tremelimumab, across all treatment lines. The challenge facing oncologists is identifying which therapy is best suited to the individual patient.

Rebiopsy in IV stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients after systemic therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Denis I. Yudin ◽  
A. A Anteev ◽  
D. T Marinov ◽  
M. S Ardzinba ◽  
K. K Laktionov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Rebiopsies are not performed in currently clinical practice for the patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, identification of as an activating mutation, as other molecular and genetic disorders can considerably change management and prognosis for these patients. Twenty-nine patients with advanced NSCLC after systemic therapy were rebiopsied and samples were studied for a limited range of genetic alterations (sensitizing EGFR mutations, T790M, KRAS gene mutations, translocation of ALK, ROS1, expression PD-L1). Results were used for making decision on further treatment.

scholarly journals Landscape and Clonal Dominance of Co-occurring Genomic Alterations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring MET Exon 14 Skipping

2021 ◽  
pp. 1802-1812
Author(s):  
Xiuning Le ◽  
Lingzhi Hong ◽  
Chuck Hensel ◽  
Rongrong Chen ◽  
Haley Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics

PURPOSE MET exon 14 skipping alterations ( METex14) comprise a diverse set of actionable oncogene drivers in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have established the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this patient population. The landscape of co-occurring genetic alterations in METex14 NSCLC and their potential impact to therapeutic sensitivities has not yet been fully described. MATERIALS AND METHODS METex14 NSCLC cases were collected from three cohorts: the VISION trial, and data sets from Guardant360 and GenePlus. Clinicopathologic characteristics and METex14 mutation sites were analyzed and compared across data sets. Co-occurring genetic alterations and the clonality relationships to METex14 were evaluated. RESULTS Of 40,824 NSCLCs, 692 METex14 cases (1.7%) were identified, including 332 in Guardant360, 188 in VISION, and 172 in GenePlus. The demographics and mutation type and/or sites were similar in the Asian versus Western cohorts. MET amplification, which were found to be associated with sensitivity to MET kinase inhibitors, co-occurs in 7.6%-13.8% of cases, whereas kinase domain secondary mutation of MET co-occurs in 5%-6%. When co-occurring with METex14, EGFR mutations were often identified as the dominant clone (78%, 7 of 9), whereas when co-occurring, METex14 (39%, 7 of 18) and KRAS (44%, 8 of 18) had similar rates of clonal dominance. PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were almost always subclones (89%, 16 of 18) to METex14. Moreover, RET-CCDC6 fusion and EGFR mutation were detected following crizotinib treatment in two patients, suggesting novel mechanisms of resistance. CONCLUSION METex14 mutations frequently co-occur with other potential driver oncogenes with differing patterns of clonal dominance observed among the drivers. This cellular context can provide insights into whether METex14 is acting as a primary oncogenic driver or resistance mechanism and help guide treatment choices.

Landmark Studies of Targeted Therapies for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Guide for Pulmonologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Adrien Costantini ◽  
Theodoros Katsikas ◽  
Clementine Bostantzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Mutational Status

Over the past decade, major breakthroughs in the understanding of lung cancer histology and mutational pathways have radically changed diagnosis and management. More specifically, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tumour characterisation has shifted from differentiating based solely on histology to characterisation that includes genetic profiling and mutational status of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR), Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and BRAF. These genetic alterations can be targeted by specific drugs that result in improved progression-free survival, as well as higher response rates and are currently standard of care for NSCLC patients harbouring these mutations. In this a narrative, non-systematic review we aim to handpick through the extensive literature and critically present the ground-breaking studies that lead to the institution of tailored treatment options as the standard of care for the main targetable genetic alterations.

Exhaustive Review on Lung Cancers: Novel Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-883
Author(s):  
Sajad Khan ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Technologies

Background:Lung cancers or (Bronchogenic-Carcinomas) are the disease in certain parts of the lungs in which irresistible multiplication of abnormal cells leads to the inception of a tumor. Lung cancers consisting of two substantial forms based on the microscopic appearance of tumor cells are: Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) (80 to 85%) and Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (SCLC) (15 to 20%).Discussion:Lung cancers are existing luxuriantly across the globe and the most prominent cause of death in advanced countries (USA & UK). There are many causes of lung cancers in which the utmost imperative aspect is the cigarette smoking. During the early stage, there is no perspicuous sign/symptoms but later many symptoms emerge in the infected individual such as insomnia, headache, pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, coughing etc. Lung cancers can be diagnosed in many ways, such as history, physical examination, chest X-rays and biopsy. However, after the diagnosis and confirmation of lung carcinoma, various treatment approaches are existing for curing of cancer in different stages such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immune therapy. Currently, novel techniques merged that revealed advancements in detection and curing of lung cancer in which mainly includes: microarray analysis, gene expression profiling.Conclusion:Consequently, the purpose of the current analysis is to specify and epitomize the novel literature pertaining to the development of cancerous cells in different parts of the lung, various preeminent approaches of prevention, efficient diagnostic procedure, and treatments along with novel technologies for inhibition of cancerous cell growth in advance stages.

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