scholarly journals Assessment of Sugarcane Genotypes for Red Rot Resistance and Antifungal Activity of Rhizosphere Microbiota against Colletotricum falcatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Saman Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

The aim of this study was to screen the potential of locally grown sugarcane genotypes for red rot resistance and activity of native microbial strains against the pathogen. Field trials were conducted with 70 genotypes for consecutive years and results showed that only two genotypes viz., SSRI-1 and CO-0238 showed resistant behavior towards red rot of sugarcane. The red rot pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Went was characterized and pathogenicity tests on two susceptible genotypes (NSG-59 and CPSG-2923) showed high virulence of SUCF04 isolate to develop severe disease lesions. The native rhizospheric microbiota was screened for microbial consortia exhibiting fine antifungal activity against the highly virulent pathogenic strain. The antagonism assay exposed that 10 bacterial isolates out of 46 showed great potential for antifungal activity. The selected bacterial isolates revealed 68–99% pathogen inhibition during the assay. The fungal strains with biological control potential inhibited the pathogen growth by 20–80% and a group of three strains with more than 50% antifungal activity were characterized. The molecular characterization of these microbes revealed that the isolates were belonging to Bacillus subtilus, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Trichoderma harzianum and several other important taxa. This study revealed that only two sugarcane genotypes were found as resistant against red rot pathogen, while most of the genotypes showed susceptible to moderately susceptible response. Moreover, the native residential microbiota associated with sugarcane exhibited great antifungal potential and can be utilized for disease protection and improved crop productivity. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of chitinase II against Colletotrichum falcatum Went. causing red rot disease in transgenic sugarcane

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad TARIQ ◽  
Anwar KHAN ◽  
Bushra TABASSUM ◽  
Nida TOUFIQ ◽  
Muhammad Umar BHATTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Red Rot Disease ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Combined Application of a New Fungicide Fluopimomide with a Biocontrol Agent Bacillus methylotrophicus TA-1 for Management of Gray Mold in Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1991-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Zhen Meng ◽  
Shouan Zhang ◽  
Bei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Bacillus Methylotrophicus

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea can be a severe disease of tomato infecting leaves and fruits of tomato plants. Chemical control is currently the most effective and reliable method; however, application of fungicides has many drawbacks. The combination of biological control agents with newly developed fungicides may be a practicable method to control B. cinerea. Fluopimomide is a newly developed fungicide with a novel mode of action. Bacillus methylotrophicus TA-1, isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato, is a bacterial strain with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Little information is currently available about the effect of fluopimomide and its integrated effect on B. cinerea. Therefore, laboratory, pot, and field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of fluopimomide alone and in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 against gray mold on tomato. The in vitro growth of B. methylotrophicus TA-1 was unaffected by 100 mg liter−1 fluopimomide. Inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth was significantly increased under combined treatment of fluopimomide and B. methylotrophicus TA-1. In greenhouse experiments, efficacy against gray mold was significantly greater by an integration of fluopimomide and B. methylotrophicus TA-1 than by either alone; control efficacy of fluopimomide at 50 and 100 g ha−1 in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 at 108 colony-forming units (cfu) ml−1 reached 70.16 and 69.32%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. In both field trials during 2017 and 2018, control efficacy was significantly higher for the combination of fluopimomide at 50 and 100 g ha−1 in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 than for either treatment alone. The results from this study indicated that integration of the new fungicide fluopimomide with the biocontrol agent B. methylotrophicus TA-1 synergistically increased control efficacy of the fungicide against gray mold of tomato.

Differential Regulation of Defense-Related Gene Expression in Response to Red Rot Pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Infection in Sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Prathima ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
P. R. Rahul ◽  
V. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Defense Related Gene

Molecular and pathological characterization of isolates of Colletotrichum falcatum Went. causing red rot in sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Anuradha ◽  
Lenika Kashyap ◽  
Rajinder Kumar ◽  
Paramjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum

scholarly journals Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Penghasil Asam Indol Asetat (AIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Oktira Roka Aji ◽  
Iva Dita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia

AbstrakBakteri endofit hidup dalam suatu tanaman tanpa menyebabkan gangguan bagi tanaman yang berperan penting dalam menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman, yaitu dengan memproduksi fitohormon seperti asam absisat, asam indol asetat, dan sitokinin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, menyeleksi, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri endofit yang terdapat pada daun, batang, dan akar tanaman jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Isolat bakteri endofit diseleksi berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan asam indol asetat (AIA). Isolat bakteri endofit ditumbuhkan pada media nutrient broth (NB) yang ditambah dengan L-triptofan. Konsentrasi AIA dihitung dengan penambahan reagen salkowski dan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 530 nm. Identifikasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan analisis uji biokimia. Isolat bakteri endofit yang berhasil diisolasi sebanyak 12 isolat, yaitu 4 isolat dari daun, 4 isolat dari batang, dan 4 isolat dari akar. Hasil pengamatan pada uji AIA menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat bakteri endofit dapat menghasilkan hormon AIA. Isolat yang menghasilkan konsentrasi hormon AIA tertinggi adalah isolat B2 (6,51 ppm). Isolat bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi berasal dari genus Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, dan Staphylococcus. Bakteri endofit yang dapat menghasilkan AIA berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai biofertilizer untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Abstract Endophytic bacteria live inside plants without causing disruption to plants and play an important role in stimulating plant growth. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from lime plant (Citrus aurantifolia) and characterize its ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA). Bacterial isolates were grown on media supplemented with L-tryptophan as IAA precursor. The bacterial supernatant was mixed with salkowski reagents and then measured using a spectrophotometer at 530 nm. Bacterial identification was carried out using biochemical characteristic analysis. A total of 12 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from leaves, stem and roots of plants. Quantitative test results showed that all isolates can produce IAA. The highest concentration of IAA was produced by B2 (6.51 ppm). Biochemical analysis indicated that the isolates were from the genus Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Endhophytic bacteria that can produce IAA have the potential to be developed as biofertilizers to increase crop productivity.

scholarly journals Genomics-informed insights into microbial degradation of N,N-dimethylformamide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Paul Dijkstra ◽  
Qihong Lu ◽  
Shanquan Wang ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Bacterial Isolates

AbstractEffective degradation of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), an important industrial waste product, is challenging as only few bacterial isolates are known to be capable of degrading DMF. Aerobic remediation of DMF has typically been used, whereas anoxic remediation attempts are recently made, using nitrate as one electron acceptor, and ideally include methane as a byproduct. Here, we analyzed 20,762 complete genomes and 28 constructed draft genomes for the genes associated with DMF degradation. We identified 952 genomes that harbor genes involved in DMF degradation, expanding the known diversity of prokaryotes with these metabolic capabilities. Our findings suggest acquisition of DMF-degrading gene via plasmids are important in the order Rhizobiales and genus Paracoccus, but not in most other lineages. Degradation pathway analysis reveals that most putative DMF degraders using aerobic Pathway I will accumulate methylamine intermediate, while members of Paracoccus, Rhodococcus, Achromobacter, and Pseudomonas could potentially mineralize DMF completely under aerobic conditions. The aerobic DMF degradation via Pathway II is more common than thought and is primarily present in α-and β-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Most putative DMF degraders could grow with nitrate anaerobically (Pathway III), however, genes for the use of methyl-CoM to produce methane were not found. These analyses suggest that microbial consortia could be more advantageous in DMF degradation than pure culture, particularly for methane production under the anaerobic condition. The identified genomes and plasmids form an important foundation for optimizing bioremediation of DMF-containing wastewaters.ImportanceDMF is extensively used as a solvent in industries, and is classified as a probable carcinogen. DMF is a refractory compound resistant to degradation, and until now, only few bacterial isolates have been reported to degrade DMF. To achieve effective microbial degradation of DMF from wastewater, it is necessary to identify genomic diversity with the potential to degrade DMF and characterize the genes involved in two aerobic degradation pathways and potential anaerobic degradation for methane production. A wide diversity of organisms has the potential to degrade DMF. Plasmid-mediated degradation of DMF is important for Rhizobiales and Paracoccus. Most DMF degraders could grow anaerobically with nitrate as electron acceptor, while co-cultures are required to complete intermediate methanogenesis for methane production. This is the first genomics-based global investigation into DMF degradation pathways. The genomic database generated by this study provides an important foundation for the bioremediation of DMF in industrial waste waters.Abstract Figure

Potential of plant extracts in combination with bacterial antagonist treatment as biocontrol agent of red rot of sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayakumar ◽  
R. Bhaskaran ◽  
S. Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Red Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rot Disease

Plant extracts and antifungal microorganisms were tested singly and in combination for biocontrol of sugarcane red rot disease ( Colletotrichum falcatum ) using two sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars, CoC671 and CoC92061, in pot and field experiments. Leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius and Bassia latifolia and the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa reduced Colletotrichum falcatum mycelial growth by 80%, 58%, and 57%, respectively. Although sugarcane- planting materials (setts) treated individually with either Pseudomonas fluorescens Md1 or A. precatorius in pot experiments had the lowest incidences of red rot, 20.1% and 24.2%, respectively, none of the plant extracts were effective in the field. In contrast, when the two varieties were tested separately in two field locations, the setts treated with A. precatorius in combination with a spray or soil application of P. fluorescens Md1 had the lowest incidence of red rot in both locations, e.g., 3.1% and 3.4% incidence for CoC92061 in one location, and had a similar response to the chemical control. The results suggest the applicability of plant-based extracts for the suppression of sugarcane red rot disease in the field as an environment-friendly tool in combination with antagonists.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and biocontrol activity of sugarcane rhizosphere bacteria against red rot pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e00317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prittesh Patel ◽  
Rushabh Shah ◽  
Bhrugesh Joshi ◽  
Krishnamurthy Ramar ◽  
Amaresan Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Biocontrol Activity
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