scholarly journals Forensic anthropological report of Elba

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 35-72
Author(s):  
Fernando Serrulla Rech ◽  
Margarita Sanín Matias
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Adult Woman ◽  
Young Adult Woman ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Bone Remains

This paper presents the results of the forensic anthropological study of human bone remains found in a cave in the area of Pedrafita do Cebreiro (Lugo, Galicia, Spain). The remains correspond to a young adult woman (20-40 years) and an estimated size between 150 and 152 centimeters that was killed by fall in a dolina about 10,000 years ago. The pathology of the bones is also analyzed, indicating, on the one hand, nutritional stress, some signs of osteoarthritis and other traumatic brain injury that did not cause the individual’s death.

Sudden death in a young adult woman

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Brunko ◽  
D.Michael Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Adult Woman ◽  
Young Adult Woman

scholarly journals Splenomegaly as a Primary Manifestation of Gaucher Disease in a Young Adult Woman

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Merra ◽  
Antonio Dal Lago ◽  
Roberta Ricci ◽  
Daniela Antuzzi ◽  
Giovanni Gasbarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Gaucher Disease ◽  
Adult Woman ◽  
Young Adult Woman

scholarly journals Prospektív Emlékezet és Traumás Agysérülés: Szakirodalmi Áttekintés

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-666
Author(s):  
Lencsés Anita ◽  
Demeter Gyula
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Since Injury

Jelen tanulmány tudomásunk szerint az első magyar nyelvű áttekintés a prospektív emlékezet (prospective memory, PM) témájában, melynek kettős célja van. Egyrészt összefoglalja a PM legfontosabb fogalmait, elméleteit, kísérleti és idegtudományi eredményeit, ismertetve a kutatások klinikai relevanciáját. A PM a jövőbeli szándékokra irányuló emlékezet, egy olyan összetett kognitív képesség, amely alapvető a mindennapi feladataink ellátása során. Működése a prefrontális kéreghez és kapcsolataihoz köthető, így számos, a frontostriatális rendszert érintő kórkép esetén sérülést mutat. Áttekintésünk fókuszában egy gyakori neurológiai kórkép, a traumás agysérülés áll. E személyek hétköznapjait a leginkább megnehezítő, gyakori és tartós kognitív zavar a PM sérülése. Ennek ellenére kevés kutatás foglalkozott a csökkent PM-működést meghatározó tényezőkkel ebben a betegcsoportban, az eredmények pedig ellentmondásosak.Tanulmányunk további célja, hogy összefoglalja a traumás agysérült személyek PM-teljesítményével kapcsolatos empirikus kutatásokat. Szakirodalmi áttekintésünkben 25 empirikus tanulmányt azonosítottunk, amelyekben traumás agysérült felnőtt személyek PM-teljesítményét hasonlították össze egészséges kontrollszemélyekével. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy traumás agysérülést követően jellemző a PM diszfunkciója. Azonban számtalan tényező befolyásolhatja a PM-teljesítményt ebben a populációban: a sérülés súlyossága, lokalizációja, a kómában és a poszttraumás amnéziában töltött idő, a sérülés óta eltelt idő, a hangulatzavarok és a komorbid kognitív zavarok; valamint az olyan feladatjellemzők, mint a mérőeszköz típusa, a PM összetevői, illetve a prospektív kulcsinger és a folyamatban lévő feladat jellegzetességei. Elgondolásunk szerint e kutatási eredmények nemcsak a PM működésének megértésével kapcsolatban szolgálnak fontos következtetésekkel, hanem támpontokat adhatnak a rehabilitációs, terápiás munkára nézve is, megteremtve egy jövőbeli hatékony, a PM-funkciókra fókuszáló kognitív tréning kidolgozását traumás agysérült személyek számára.To the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the fi rst review in Hungarian on the topic of prospective memory (PM), and it has a dual objective. On the one hand, it summarizes the most important concepts, theories, experimental and neuroscientifi c results of PM, describing the clinical relevance of the research. PM refers to the memory for future intentions, and it is a complex cognitive ability that is essential in performing our day-to-day tasks. PM function is related to the prefrontal cortex and its connections, and its dysfunction is well-documented in several diseases affecting the frontostriatal system. This review focuses on traumatic brain injury, a common neurological disorder. Patients with traumatic brain injury experience PM dysfunction, which is a common and persistent cognitive disorder making their everyday life the most diffi cult. Nevertheless, little research has investigated the factors contributing to decreased PM performance in this patient population, and the results are contradictory.Another goal of our study is to summarize empirical research on PM performance after traumatic brain injury. In this literature review, we identifi ed 25 empirical studies comparing the PM performance of adults with traumatic brain injury with those of healthy controls. Based on these empirical results, PM dysfunction is a common fi nding after traumatic brain injury. However, a number of factors can affect PM performance in this population: the severity and localization of injury, time spent in coma, length of posttraumatic amnesia, time since injury, mood disorders and comorbid cognitive disorders, and task characteristics, such as the type of measurement, the components of the PM task, and features of the PM cue and the ongoing task. In our opinion, these fi ndings not only provide essential conclusions about understanding the functioning of PM, but they can also establish the foundation for rehabilitation and therapeutic work, and contribute to the creation of an effective cognitive training focused on PM for traumatic brain injury patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation: epidemiology and economic aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Valiullina ◽  
E A Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Aim. To define epidemiological features of traumatic brain injury in children and to assess economic losses caused by this condition. Methods. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children for the period of 2003-2012 in Russia according to State Statistical Database. Direct and indirect economic losses (overall and per patient) were calculated for 2012. Results. The study revealed an increase of traumatic brain injury prevalence in children for the analyzed period, with the domestic traumatism prevailing among all brain trauma injuries, especially in girls. The amount of economic losses due to traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation in 2012 was about 4 milliard roubles. However, this figure is considerably underestimated, because the amount of expenses per one patient with traumatic brain injury is a quarter less compared to the standard sum per one case traumatic brain injury according to the standards of obligatory health insurance. On the one hand, it may be explained by high admission rate in children with minor head injury. On the other hand, it may be a result of insufficient healthcare funding as well as unaccounted expenses for medical care and drug coverage, especially in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Conclusion. The reduction of economic losses due to pediatric traumatic brain injury is possible not only by preventing new cases of traumatic brain injury but also by optimizing medical care.

Abstract W P260: Role of the Prostaglandin E2 EP1 Receptor in Traumatic Brain Injury

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V Glushakov ◽  
Jawad A Fazal ◽  
Shuh Narumiya ◽  
Sylvain Dore
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Ep1 Receptor

Introduction: Brain injuries promote upregulation of so-called proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 leading to overactivation of a class of its cognate G-protein coupled receptors, notably EP1, which is considered as a promising target for treatment of ischemic stroke and, possibly, other neurological disorders involving excitotoxicity. However, our recent data suggest that of EP1 receptor in intracerebral hemorrhage may play a protective role. The goal of this study was to investigate a translational potential of EP1 receptor for treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: The acute brain injury was induced using controlled cortical impact (CCI) in wildtype (WT) and genetic EP1 receptor knockout mice (EP1-/-). Neurological deficit scores (NDS) and anatomical brain pathology were accessed at 48h after injury. Results: CCI resulted in significant cortical lesions, localized hippocampal edema and neurological deficits compared to animals from sham group underwent craniotomy only. The NDS after CCI were significantly higher in older mice (7-11mo) compared to young adult animals (2-4mo) in both WT and EP1-/- groups. Treatment with a selective antagonist SC-51089 with repeated doses of 20-100μg/kg after CCI had no significant effects on cortical lesions, hippocampal edema and NDS in young adult mice of both WT and EP1-/- genotypes. Post-treatment with 17-pt-PGE2 (300μg/kg) had no significant effects on anatomical brain pathology in young adult mice, but improved NDS at 24h in WT but not in EP1-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant increases in GFAP and Iba1 immunoreactivity in selected brain regions surrounding injury suggesting astrogliosis and microglia activation. EP1 receptor knockout had no effects on GFAP and Iba1 expression in young adult mice, whereas lead to a significant attenuation of GFAP immunoreactivity in older mice. Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time, a clarification on the role of EP1 receptor in a preclinical model of contusive TBI. The results suggest that EP1 receptor might be involved in complex pathways differentially associated with neurological deficits. In addition, this study provides further clarification on clinical use of EP1 receptor ligands for treatment of acute brain injuries.

scholarly journals The effect of different atmosphere absolute hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of extracellular histones after traumatic brain injury in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024
Author(s):  
Fang Liang ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xue-Hua Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Extracellular Histones ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group

Abstract By observing the dynamic changes of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB expression in brain tissues after brain injury in rats, we explore the association among the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB following traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as the effect of different atmospheres absolute hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention on the expression and possible mechanisms. A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham-operated (SH), TBI (traumatic brain injury) group, traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment 1.6ATA (TBI + HBO1) group, and traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment2.2ATA (TBI + HBO2) group, with 30 rats in each group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into five smaller time-specific sub-groups: 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. TBI models were established, and the brain tissue around the lesion was taken at different time points. On the one hand,we detected the level of local histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB by RT-PCR and Western Blot. On the other hand, we used immunohistochemical methods to detect the expression of NF-κB, while using the TUNEL method to observe the cell apoptosis in experimental groups after brain injury. Extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB proteins were highly expressed at 3 h, then with a slight fluctuation, reached to peak at 48 h after the injury. HBO can affect the expression of histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB. The decline of each indicator in the 1.6ATA group was significantly lower than that in the 2.2ATA group, especially within 6 h (P < 0. 05). In addition, NF-κB expression was consistent with the pathological changes of apoptosis in experimental groups. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with relatively low pressure (1.6ATA) at the early stage can significantly inhibit the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB around the lesion, reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells, and thus play an important role in alleviating secondary brain injury.

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