scholarly journals Rubber Processing Effluent Treatment with Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer in Comparison with a Synthetic Coagulant

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie O. Ize-Iyamua ◽  
Hilary I. Ifijen ◽  
Osaro K. Ize-Iyamu ◽  
Justina E. Ukpebor ◽  
Emmanuel E. Ukpebor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical

Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer extracted from prawn heads was used in the treatment of crump rubber processing effluent for safe disposal into the environment. The triplicate analyses of the effluent samples obtained by composite sampling method indicated high levels of pollution which violated the permissible limits of environmental discharge standards; with a low DO of 0.63mg/L, BOD, 312.00±1.32mg/L and COD, 1069.58±2.42mg/L (mean±SD) respectively. Chitosan was analyzed according to standard procedures; it showed good coagulative potentials from the elemental analysis and a degree of deacetylation of 76.5%. The crump rubber processing effluent was treated with chitosan and Iron (III) Chloride respectively by coagulation and flocculation method and the results obtained via the physico-chemical characterization of the treated effluent showed that the use of chitosan as a coagulant compared favourably with Iron (III) Chloride after treatment. DO levels increased from 0.63mg/L to 3.90 mg/L. There were also remarkable reduction in the Turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the treated samples by over 80% respectively and 70% reduction in the nutrient levels. The efficacy of chitosan in comparison with Iron (III) Chloride suggests that it can be used as a replacement for synthetic coagulants based on its availability and environmental friendliness.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization of the Leachate from Fermentation Composts Treated with Lime and Soda: Case of the Composting Platform in Aného, Togo

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Edem K. Kolédzi ◽  
Nitale M’Balikine Krou ◽  
Kwamivi N. Ségbéaya ◽  
E. Aziablé
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Good Reduction ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Chemical Oxygen Demand

This study aims to determine the parameters measuring the reduction rate of the organic matter during fermentation and its bio-availability after maturation of the compost made using fermentable fractions of household waste. Thus, a physico-chemical characterization of the raw leachate and the leachate treated with lime and caustic soda was carried out. The results showed that, the contents of the other parameters measured are higher for the raw leachate compared to those obtained for the treated leachate. Organic and inorganic pollution is reflected by high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), absorbance at 254 nm, turbidity and suspended matter. The COD values ​​in the raw leachate vary between 13000 and 19150 mg/O2/L; those of the absorbance at 254 nm between 30.5 and 34.15 OD; those of turbidity between 156 and 255 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) and those of suspended matter between 48 and 1600 mg/L. In the treated leachate, the COD values ​​oscillate between 4489 and 8743 mg/O2/L; those of the absorbance at 254 nm between 6.69 and 31.1 OD; those of turbidity between 57.8 and 122 NTU and those of suspended matter between 70 and 92 mg. These results reflect a good reduction after treatment with lime and soda.

scholarly journals Leaching characteristics of the fine fraction from an excavated landfill: physico-chemical characterization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Kaczala ◽  
Hadi Mehdinejad ◽  
Allar Lääne ◽  
Kaja Orupõld ◽  
Amit Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Landfill Mining ◽  
Physico Chemical

This investigation was focused on the physico-chemical characterization of the leachate generated by the fine fraction (<10 mm) of excavated waste from full-scale landfill mining project. The samples were taken in the Kudjape Landfill, Saarema Island, Estonia in four different test pits (TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4) that were divided in four different layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Total chemical oxygen demand (CODt), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODd), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) were analyzed. The results have shown that most of the COD fraction released into the water (approximately 70%) was in particulate/colloidal state. The TOC released ranged between 3,530- mg/kg dry matters and 2,326 mg/kg dry matter for test pits. Dissolved organic matter (DOC) had concentrations ranging between 365-874 mg/kg and 317-940 mg/kg for different test pits and sampling layers respectively. Very low average leaching rates (%) of metals were observed with leaching ranging between 0.2% and 1.5% which might be explained by the lower solubility of these metals in alkaline pHs. Pb had a significantly higher average leaching rate (1.0%) in comparison to Zn (0.70%) and Cu (0.35%). This study also showed the potential use of CODt as a surrogate indicator of organic carbon in both suspended and dissolved forms (TOC and DOC) and also Zn on the basis of high correlation coefficients observed. To conclude, the proposal and implementation of adequate management strategies that minimize environmental impacts and take advantages of the beneficial use of fine-grained fractions in landfill mining rely on detailed physico-chemical characterization of both the fine fractions itself and the leachate generated during storage and use.

Laboratory Methods for the Physico-Chemical Characterization of Recombinant Allergens as Reference Standards

Alergologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieru ◽  
Florin-Dan Popescu ◽  
Laura Haidar ◽  
Carmen Bunu-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical

Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of a sintered feldspathic sand

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissemn Gallala ◽  
Mohamed Essghaier Gaied ◽  
Borhen Kchaou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physical - Chemical Issues of Cephalosporin Intercalated Nanoparticles for Life - Threatening Infections Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Lucian Eva ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Liviu Stafie ◽  
Constantin Marcu ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The fourth generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent, cefepime, was loaded into layered double hydroxides for enhancing antibiotic efficiency, reducing side effects, as well as achieving the sustained release property. The intercalation of antibiotic into the inter-gallery of ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was carried out using ion exchange method, by this constituting a nano-sized organic-inorganic hybrid material for a controlled release novel formulation. Although cefepime is a broad spectrum antibiotic, it has various adverse effects and a significant degradation rate. Thus, the preparation and physico-chemical characterization of nanomaterials able to intercalate this drug is an important study for medical and pharmaceutical field. The antibiotic inclusion into LDHs nanostructure was confirmed by advanced characterization techniques and the release profile of cefepime was analysed with the respect to pH of the simulated media.

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