scholarly journals Regulating News and Disinformation on Digital Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-46
Author(s):  
Derek Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
International Initiative

In February 2021 two initiatives for regulating digital platforms in Australia were implemented. The News Media Bargaining Code (“News Code”) attracted international attention as a legislative means of forcing platforms to pay for news content, while the Australian Voluntary Disinformation and Misinformation Code (“Disinformation Code”) was modelled on an international initiative. Both were developed to meet Government policy formulated in response to Australia’s Digital Platforms Inquiry. Whereas the Inquiry recommended the use of co-regulation, Government policy switched to voluntary codes for both, then to a legislative scheme for the News Code. This article examines the schemes and critiques the policy on which they are based. It applies a conceptual framework to assess the optimum conditions for the use of co-regulation and self-regulation. It finds that a self-regulatory scheme of voluntary codes was never a suitable approach for the News Code, and that the close involvement of the regulator on the Disinformation Code — without a suitable remit or enforcement powers — distorts the self-regulatory model. This can in part be explained by the failure to address well-recognised flaws in the co-regulatory framework for telecommunications and broadcasting, the consequences of which are now being seen in attempts to regulate digital platforms.

Self-Efficacy, Personal Goals, and Wrestlers’ Self-Regulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Kane ◽  
Michelle A. Marks ◽  
Stephen J. Zaccaro ◽  
Virginia Blair
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Goal Theory ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Regulatory Model

Goal theory (Locke & Latham, 1990) and social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) converged on a single model describing the relationships among prior performance, self-efficacy, personal goals, and individual performance. The model, portraying self-regulatory processes, guided an investigation of the performance of 216 wrestlers competing at a wrestling camp. Two hypotheses were tested. First, general support was expected for the self-regulatory model. Second, self-efficacy was predicted to be especially relevant for performance under extremely competitive conditions (i.e., overtime match performance). Both hypotheses were supported. Analyses using LISREL VI supported the relationships posited by the self-regulatory model. Also, self-efficacy was found to be the only significant predictor of wrestlers’ performance in overtime matches.

Observing patient-provider interaction as guided by the self-regulatory model of illness

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. M. Theunissen ◽  
D. T. D. de Ridder ◽  
A. M. van Dulmen
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Regulatory Model

Support for Study: Online Educational Environments and the Rights to Education

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Karen Swan
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Collaborative Inquiry ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Self ◽  
Open Educational Resource ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Independent Inquiry

This paper uses an online learning conceptual framework to examine the “rights to education” that the current online educational environments could provide. The conceptual framework is composed of three inquiries or three spaces for inquiries, namely, independent inquiry, collaborative inquiry, and formative inquiry towards expert knowledge [42] that online learners pursue and undertake in the process of their learning. Our examinations reveal that most online open educational resource environments (OERs) can incorporate more Web2.0 or Web3.0 technologies so as to provide the self-directed learners, who are the main audience of OERs, with more opportunities to participate, collaborate, and co-create knowledge, and accordingly, to achieve their full rights to education.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Avoidance as a Moderating Factor to the Self-Congruity Concept: The Development of a Conceptual Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110018
Author(s):  
Shaohua Yang ◽  
Salmi Mohd Isa ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
Conceptual Paper

The aim of this article was to propose a framework based on the theory of self-congruity and on Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance. The framework was to combine destination personality, self-congruity, uncertainty avoidance, and tourists’ revisit intention. The present conceptual paper proposed an integrated model of self-congruity which incorporates the effect of uncertainty avoidance. More importantly, the uncertainty avoidance was introduced as a moderator between self-congruity and revisit intention. Based on the theoretical framework proposed in this article, the estimated results affirmed the applicability of the theory of self-congruity for tourism research. Moreover, by extending the theoretical model through the incorporation of a variable of uncertainty avoidance in the context of tourism, this article offers a significant contribution to the tourism literature. It is important to understand how the theory of self-congruity applies across a broad cultural spectrum. This article also offers several implications for destination marketing organizations from a practical perspective.

Does binge eating play a role in the self-regulation of moods?

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley C. Lynch ◽  
Andrea Everingham ◽  
Jane Dubitzky ◽  
Mimi Hartman ◽  
Tim Kasser
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self

Before the summit: News media framing, scripts and the flag-raising at Iwo Jima

2021 ◽  
pp. 175063522199094
Author(s):  
Matthew Pressman ◽  
James J Kimble
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cognitive Scripts ◽  
New Interpretation

Drawing upon media framing theory and the concept of cognitive scripts, this article provides a new interpretation of the context in which the famous World War II photograph ‘Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima’ appeared. This interpretation is based primarily on an examination of American newspaper and newsreel coverage from the Pacific island battles prior to Iwo Jima. The coverage – especially the pictorial coverage – often followed a three-step sequence that showed US forces proceeding from a landing to a series of skirmishes, then culminating with a flag-raising image. This created a predictable cognitive script. That script, combined with other framing devices found in the news coverage (such as metaphors and catchphrases), conveyed the misleading message that the Allies’ final victory over Japan was imminent in early 1945. The Iwo Jima photo drove home that message more emphatically than anything else. This circumstance had profound implications for government policy at the time and, in retrospect, it illustrates the potency of media framing – particularly in times of crisis or war.

News personalization for peace: how algorithmic recommendations can impact conflict coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Bastian ◽  
Mykola Makhortykh ◽  
Tom Dobber
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
System Design ◽  
News Media ◽  
Content Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Reporting

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for assessing what are the possibilities and pitfalls of using algorithmic systems of news personalization – i.e. the tailoring of individualized news feeds based on users’ information preferences – for constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism, a journalistic paradigm calling for more diversified and creative war reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a critical review of existing research on peace journalism and algorithmic news personalization, and analyzes the intersections between the two concepts. Specifically, it identifies recurring pitfalls of peace journalism based on empirical research on constructive conflict coverage and then introduces a conceptual framework for analyzing to what degree these pitfalls can be mediated – or worsened – through algorithmic system design.FindingsThe findings suggest that AI-driven distribution technologies can facilitate constructive war reporting, in particular by countering the effects of journalists’ self-censorship and by diversifying conflict coverage. The implementation of these goals, however, depends on multiple system design solutions, thus resonating with current calls for more responsible and value-sensitive algorithmic design in the domain of news media. Additionally, our observations emphasize the importance of developing new algorithmic literacies among journalists both to realize the positive potential of AI for promoting peace and to increase the awareness of possible negative impacts of new systems of content distribution.Originality/valueThe article particle is the first to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of the impact of new content distribution techniques on constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism. It also offers a novel conceptual framing for assessing the impact of algorithmic news personalization on reporting traumatic and polarizing events, such as wars and violence.

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