scholarly journals Is utility a measure of commodity value? On two different approaches to the subjective theory of value

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Appelt
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Theory ◽  
Vague Concept ◽  
Theory Of Value

This paper reviews two theories of utility. In Jevons’ theory, utility denotes an abstract quality of a commodity and value is derived from the knowledge of the utility of a commodity. Menger, however, argued that the concept of value cannot be associated with the fact that things are useful. Goods themselves are worthless unless a human assigns value to them. It is shown that utility as a measure of commodity value is a vague concept.

Virtue epistemology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Zagzebski
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Intellectual Virtue ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Epistemic Agent ◽  
Epistemic Evaluation ◽  
Theory Of Value

‘Virtue epistemology’ is the name of a class of theories that focus epistemic evaluation on good epistemic properties of persons rather than on properties of beliefs. The former or some interesting subset of the former are called intellectual virtues. Some of these theories propose that the traditional concepts of justification or knowledge can be analysed in terms of intellectual virtue, whereas others maintain that these traditional concepts are defective or uninteresting and it is desirable to replace them with the notion of an intellectual virtue. In all these theories, epistemic evaluation rests on some virtuous quality of persons that enables them to act in a cognitively effective and commendable way. Simple reliabilism may be treated either as a precursor to virtue epistemology or as an early form of it. Later versions add requirements for virtue intended to capture the idea that it is a quality which makes an epistemic agent subjectively responsible as well as objectively reliable. Proponents of virtue epistemology claim a number of advantages. It is said to bypass disputes between foundationalists and coherentists on proper cognitive structure, to avoid sceptical worries, to avoid the impasse between internalism and externalism and to broaden the range of epistemological enquiry to include such neglected epistemic values as understanding and wisdom. Some theorists argue that the real virtue of virtue epistemology is the way it permits us to redefine the central questions of epistemology. In addition, since virtue epistemology can be blended with virtue ethics, it holds out the promise of a unified theory of value.

The Subjective Theory of Value and Accounting "Cost"

Economica ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 13 (49) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Thirlby
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Theory ◽  
Theory Of Value

“But one kind” of Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-472
Author(s):  
Seth McKelvey
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Subjective Theory ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Carl Menger ◽  
Definition Of

Seth McKelvey, “‘But one kind’ of Life: Thoreau’s Subjective Theory of Value in Walden” (pp. 448–472) Literary scholars generally take for granted Henry David Thoreau’s hostility to market exchange in Walden (1854). I argue, however, that Thoreau anticipates the subjective theory of value and the related concept of diminishing marginal utility, offering glimpses of ideas that would not be formalized in economics until after his death but that should nevertheless align him with a long lineage of free market thinkers. Thoreau does not reject the marketplace as a means to achieve his own best interests, but rather challenges his society’s definition of what those interests should be, attacking the misguided desire to accumulate excessive material wealth and the burdensome labor that attends such aspirations. I juxtapose the economics put forth in Walden with the work of Austrian free market economist Carl Menger in order to illustrate how Thoreau can so vehemently oppose the materialistic obsessions of capitalism while simultaneously remaining amenable to the principles of free exchange.

The Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by Nurses: an Approach from the Philosophy of Max Scheler

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Marlise Silva Barros ◽  
Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade Silva ◽  
Eliane Ramos Pereira ◽  
Marcos Andrade Silva
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Consent Forms ◽  
Theory Of Value

Objective: this study intends reflect philosophically about the ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses from the Intensive Care Center at University Hospital Antonio Pedro, from the Theory of Value of Max Scheler. Methods: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The population shall be defined by the technique of saturation, consisting of nurses of the sector, to be interviewed after the signing of the Free Informed Consent forms, if they wish participate spontaneously in the study. The information will be transcribed, categorized in order of significance and analyzed from the theoretical framework of Max Scheler who looks on the objectivity of values and the process of seizure of emotional character. The project has received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine / University Hospital Antonio Pedro. Expected results: through the analysis of data, based on theoretical referential, the study intends to contribute to the decision making process of nurses, in front of the possible ethical dilemmas experienced with regard to practical work and, moreover, with the quality of care provided by nurses in the Intensive Care Center. Descriptors: ethics; bioethics; philosophy nursing; intensive care units.

scholarly journals El concepto de cultura en la ensayística de Georg Simmel

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (41) ◽  
pp. 153-175
Author(s):  
Francisco Manuel García Chicote
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
Subjective Theory ◽  
Theory Of Value

This article analyzes Georg Simmel’s concept of culture by reconstructing the genealogy of his theory within its historical, political, and economic context. It examines to what extent Simmel’s ideas on value and division of labor cement his conception of cultural alienation. Finally, it argues that Simmel’s cultural theory is significantly biased by a subjective theory of value, which entails apologetic traits.

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