scholarly journals Consumption smoothing: institutions, incentives and economic outcomes : evidence from framed field experiments and panel data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Nanyiti
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Consumption Smoothing

scholarly journals Targeting the Vulnerable and the Choice of Vulnerability Measures: Review and Application to Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kurosaki
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Vulnerable Households

In this paper, the concept of vulnerability of the poor’s welfare and its practical measures are scrutinised in order to derive implications for targeting poverty reduction policies toward vulnerable households. As illustration, various measures of vulnerability proposed in the literature are applied to a panel data-set collected from rural Pakistan. The empirical results show that different vulnerability rankings can be obtained depending on the choice of the measure. By utilising these measures, we can identify who and which region is more vulnerable to a particular type of risk. This kind of information is useful in targeting poverty reduction policies. Since the nature of vulnerability is diverse, it is advisable to use the whole vector of various vulnerability measures. JEL classification: I32, I38. Keywords: Vulnerability, Poverty, Risk, Consumption Smoothing, Pakistan.

Do the Unemployed Pay Lower Prices? A Reassessment of the Value of Unemployment Insurance

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2135-2181
Author(s):  
Rodolfo G Campos ◽  
Iliana Reggio
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Consumption Survey

Abstract It is well known that transitions from employment to unemployment reduce consumption expenditure, but is this fall mainly driven by quantities or by prices? Using panel data on expenditure and quantities from the Spanish consumption survey we find that the unemployed pay prices that are, on average, 1.5% lower, and that this difference in prices accounts for roughly one sixth of the gap in consumption expenditure between the employed and the unemployed. The reduction in prices estimated with panel data is considerably lower than the existing estimates for the United States, which rely on cross-sectional comparisons. Based on our estimates, and using economic theory, we reassess the value of providing unemployment insurance and show how the social value of providing unemployment insurance can be decomposed into a consumption-smoothing component and a component that depends on prices.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Cluster-Randomized Field Experiments in Panel Data Settings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Chandar ◽  
Ali Hortaçsu ◽  
John List ◽  
Ian Muir ◽  
Jeffrey Wooldridge
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cluster Randomized

scholarly journals Consumption smoothing and price enhancement motives for grain storage: empirical perspectives from rural Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Tesfaye ◽  
Gebrelibanos Gebremariam
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Storage Behavior ◽  
Economic Motives

Abstract Consumption smoothing and temporal price arbitrage are the two main economic motives for grain storage in semi-subsistence economies. Nonetheless, little has been documented on the determinants of households’ grain storage behavior. Using a rich panel data from maize producing households in Ethiopia, this paper investigates the determinants of households’ decision to store grain for consumption and/or for the market. We found that grain storage is mainly determined by climatic factors, technological innovations, and shocks. Grain storage for consumption and for the markets are not mutually exclusive decisions. While the decisions made by the households to store maize for consumption and for the markets are influenced by a host of similar factors, the effects of climatic factors and infrastructure are found to be heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Cluster-Randomized Field Experiments in Panel Data Settings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Chandar ◽  
Ali Hortaçsu ◽  
John A. List ◽  
Ian Muir ◽  
Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Electron Microscopy of the Shape of Small Metal Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
M. Jose Yacaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Crystal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particles

In the Study of small metal particles the shape is a very Important parameter. Using electron microscopy Ino and Owaga(l) have studied the shape of twinned particles of gold. In that work electron diffraction and contrast (dark field) experiments were used to produce models of a crystal particle. In this work we report a method which can give direct information about the shape of an small metal particle in the amstrong- size range with high resolution. The diffraction pattern of a sample containing small metal particles contains in general several systematic and non- systematic reflections and a two-beam condition can not be used in practice. However a N-beam condition produces a reduced extinction distance. On the other hand if a beam is out of the bragg condition the effective extinction distance is even more reduced.

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