scholarly journals Targeting the Vulnerable and the Choice of Vulnerability Measures: Review and Application to Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kurosaki
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Consumption Smoothing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Vulnerable Households

In this paper, the concept of vulnerability of the poor’s welfare and its practical measures are scrutinised in order to derive implications for targeting poverty reduction policies toward vulnerable households. As illustration, various measures of vulnerability proposed in the literature are applied to a panel data-set collected from rural Pakistan. The empirical results show that different vulnerability rankings can be obtained depending on the choice of the measure. By utilising these measures, we can identify who and which region is more vulnerable to a particular type of risk. This kind of information is useful in targeting poverty reduction policies. Since the nature of vulnerability is diverse, it is advisable to use the whole vector of various vulnerability measures. JEL classification: I32, I38. Keywords: Vulnerability, Poverty, Risk, Consumption Smoothing, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Empirical Testing of the Impact of Gender and Marital Status on the Price and Trend of Urban Real Estate – Evidence from Provincial Panel Data of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Min Tan ◽  
Yajie Bai
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Real Estate Price ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of demographic structure, especially gender and marital status, on the price of regional real estate. This paper utilizes controlled-heteroskedasticity fixed-effect model for the empirical tests based on a panel data set of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2015. Empirical results show that the gender ratio in the provincial panel data does have a significant negative impact on the regional real estate prices, which implies that when the number of women in a region increases, the real estate price in this region tends to rise. The impact of marital status on the real estate price is not significant according to empirical results.

Is Sub-Saharan Africa on a Genuinely Sustainable Development Path? Evidence Using Panel Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ourvashi Bissoon
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Weak Sustainability ◽  
Sub Saharan

Although resource rich, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has in general been characterised by poor economic performance and widespread poverty. The region is, however, now poised to enjoy high levels of growth and is increasingly attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). However, it is important to determine the sustainability of this development path. Given the lack of research on sustainability in the context of SSA, this study attempts to bridge this gap. A capital approach is adopted using the genuine savings (GS) rate computed by the World Bank, a measure of weak sustainability. GS endeavour to assess the sustainability path of countries, based on how ‘well’ they manage their total capital stock through the difference between consumption in natural capital and counter-balancing investments in other forms of man-made capital, namely physical and human. Since GS is based on the assumption of perfect resource substitutability, it can be taken as a limit value of sustainability whereby a country experiencing a positive value of GS is deemed to be weakly sustainable. This article thus aims to investigate whether SSA is on a sustainable development path and the factors affecting GS for this sample of countries. This study looks at a panel data set of 30 SSA countries over a period of 35 years. The fixed, random as well as dynamic effects are taken into account using System-GMM. In particular, improving institutional quality in the countries considered in the sample could directly and significantly improve their weak sustainability. JEL Classification: O11, Q01, B22, C23

scholarly journals Economic disparities and suicides: The dynamic panel data analyses of 50 states in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 020-029
Author(s):  
Swan Bruce Q
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Effect Estimation

The economic inequalities associated with suicide risks among 50 states in the United States were identified in this paper to form the dynamic panel data set from 1981 to 2016. The effects of growing income inequalities on suicides in the Unites States were estimated using the Arellano–Bond method. This paper is the first to associate the social inequalities with suicides using the state-level dynamic panel data in America. It is found that the change of unemployment rates significantly and positively impact the changes of the overall suicides rates, female and male suicides rates. The changes of Top 10% income index are uniformly positive to the change of female, male and overall state-level suicide rates. The Gini index has positive correspondence within the overall and female groups, along with the insignificantly vague evidence within the male groups. The potential endogeneity problem inferring from the fixed effect estimation has been also investigated accordingly. JEL Classification: A13, A14, I18.

A General Approach to Panel Data Set-Theoretic Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Roberto Garcia-Castro ◽  
◽  
Miguel A. Ariño ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Set

scholarly journals Determinants of prepaid systems of healthcare financing: a worldwide country-level perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Leiter ◽  
Engelbert Theurl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level

AbstractIn this paper we examine determinants of prepaid modes of health care financing in a worldwide cross-country perspective. We use three different indicators to capture the role of prepaid modes in health care financing: (i) the share of total prepaid financing as percent of total current health expenditures, (ii) the share of voluntary prepaid financing as percent of total prepaid financing, and (iii) the share of compulsory health insurance as percent of total compulsory prepaid financing. In the econometric analysis, we refer to a panel data set comprising 154 countries and covering the time period 2000–2015. We apply a static as well as a dynamic panel data model. We find that the current structure of prepaid financing is significantly determined by its different forms in the past. The significant influence of GDP per capita, governmental revenues, the agricultural value added, development assistance for health, degree of urbanization and regulatory quality varies depending on the financing structure we look at. The share of the elderly and the education level are only of minor importance for explaining the variation in a country’s share of prepaid health care financing. The importance of the mentioned variables as determinants for prepaid health care financing also varies depending on the countries’ socio-economic development. From our analysis we conclude that more detailed information on indicators which reflect the distribution of individual characteristics (such as income, family size and structure and health risks) within a country’s population would be needed to gain deeper insight into the decisive determinants for prepaid health care financing.

Abstiegserfahrungen in der Kommune und der Aufstieg Unabhängiger Wählergemeinschaften. Neue Befunde aus einem Mehrebenen-Kommunalwahlpanel

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Christina-Marie Juen ◽  
Markus Tepe ◽  
Michael Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Party System ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Multi Level

In Germany, Independent Local Lists (UWG) have become an integral part of local politics in recent decades . Despite their growing political importance, the reasons for their electoral rise have hardly been researched . Recent studies argue that Independent Local Lists pursue anti-party positions, which makes them attractive to voters who are dissatisfied with the party system . Assuming that a decline of confidence in established parties corresponds with the experience of local deprivation, this contribution uses a multi-level panel data set to investigate how socio-economic (emigration, aging, declining tax revenue) and political­cultural (turnout, fragmentation) deprivation processes affect the electoral success of Inde­pendent Local Lists . The empirical findings suggest that Independent Local Lists are more successful in municipalities where voter turnout has fallen and political fragmentation has increased .

The Determinants of Poverty: Case of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Lilik Sugiharti ◽  
Martha Ranggi Primanthi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Logit Regression Model

Objective - The objectives of the study were to analyze the general picture of poverty, and determinants of poverty in Indonesia. Understanding poverty characteristic is a main point for designing an effective poverty reduction strategy. During the last five years Indonesia has experienced a slowing down growth and the poverty rates has declined slightly. Some provinces or regions have managed to reduce the poverty well, while others have been slower, and also the distribution of the poor is uneven across both rural and urban, generally the rural is more than urban area. Methodology/Technique - Factors determining poverty of households were estimated and anayzed using a logit regression model, and it is found that such demographic factors as gender and age of households head, size of households, factors of production included accessibility to the technology and credit, working status, and education attainment, and also geographic characteristics significantly explain reasons for being poor. Moreover, increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention. Findings - The results of the determinants of poverty in Indonesia shows that poor households are those with large number of dependents and equipped with limited education access, and the majority of these households live in rural area. Novelty - Study suggests that increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention or policy implications. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Logit Regression; Poverty Reduction, Indonesia. JEL Classification: I21, I22, I24.

Detecting common breaks in the means of high dimensional cross-dependent panels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lajos Horváth ◽  
Zhenya Liu ◽  
Gregory Rice ◽  
Yuqian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Change Points ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence

Abstract The problem of detecting change points in the mean of high dimensional panel data with potentially strong cross–sectional dependence is considered. Under the assumption that the cross–sectional dependence is captured by an unknown number of common factors, a new CUSUM type statistic is proposed. We derive its asymptotic properties under three scenarios depending on to what extent the common factors are asymptotically dominant. With panel data consisting of N cross sectional time series of length T, the asymptotic results hold under the mild assumption that min {N, T} → ∞, with an otherwise arbitrary relationship between N and T, allowing the results to apply to most panel data examples. Bootstrap procedures are proposed to approximate the sampling distribution of the test statistics. A Monte Carlo simulation study showed that our test outperforms several other existing tests in finite samples in a number of cases, particularly when N is much larger than T. The practical application of the proposed results are demonstrated with real data applications to detecting and estimating change points in the high dimensional FRED-MD macroeconomic data set.

The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Fozia Munir ◽  
Mirajul Haq ◽  
Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

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