scholarly journals Ferritin status impact on hepcidin response to endurance exercise in physically active women along different phases of the menstrual cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
VM Alfaro Magallanes ◽  
L Barba Moreno ◽  
AB Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Response To Exercise

Serum ferritin has been proposed as a predictor of hepcidin concentrations in response to exercise. However, this fact has not been studied in physically-active women. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyse the hepcidin response at different ferritin status before and after running exercise in physically active females. Fifteen eumenorrheic women performed a 40-min running protocol at 75% of VO2peak speed in different menstrual cycle phases (early-follicular phase, mid-follicular phase and luteal phase). Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, 0h post-exercise and 3h post-exercise. For statistics, participants were divided into two groups according to their pre-exercise ferritin levels (<20 and ≥20 μg/L). Through menstrual cycle, hepcidin was lower in both early follicular phase (p=0.024; 64.81±22.48 ng/ml) and mid-follicular phase (p=0.007; 64.68±23.91 ng/ml) for <20 μg/L ferritin group, in comparison with ≥20 μg/L group (81.17±27.89 and 79.54±22.72 ng/ml, respectively). Hepcidin showed no differences between both ferritin groups in either pre-exercise, 0h post-exercise and 3h post-exercise. Additionally, no association between pre-exercise ferritin and hepcidin levels 3h post-exercise (r=-0.091; p=0.554) was found. Menstrual cycle phase appears to influence hepcidin levels depending on ferritin reserves. In particular, physically-active females with depleted ferritin reserves seems to present lower hepcidin levels during the early-follicular phase and mid-follicular phase. However, no association between ferritin and hepcidin levels was found in this study. Hence, ferritin levels alone may not be a good predictor of hepcidin response to exercise in this population. Multiple factors such as sexual hormones, training loads and menstrual bleeding must be taken into account.

The role of the menstrual cycle phase in pain perception before and after an isometric fatiguing contraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie K. Hoeger Bement ◽  
Rebecca L. Rasiarmos ◽  
John M. DiCapo ◽  
Audrey Lewis ◽  
Manda L. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

Opioid Control of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Cyclically Fails in Menstrual Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Facchinetti ◽  
Emilia Martignoni ◽  
Loridine Fioroni ◽  
Grazia Sances ◽  
Andrea R Genazzani
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

To assess the biological correlates of the precipitation of migraine attacks in the perimenstrual period, plasma b-endorphin (b-EP) and cortisol responses to naloxone (8 mg iv) and corticotropin releasing hormone (100 μg iv) were evaluated in both the follicular phase and the premenstrual period in 7 patients suffering from menstrual migraine and in 7 healthy, asymptomatic control volunteers. In the controls, naloxone evoked a significant release of both b-EP (F = 5.86, p < 0.002) and cortisol (F = 4.43, p < 0.008), independently of the menstrual cycle phase (F = 0.31 and 1.04, for b-EP and cortisol, respectively). Menstrual migraine patients, on the other hand, showed a significant hormone response only in the follicular phase, not in the premenstrual period. Corticotropin releasing hormone significantly increased b-EP and cortisol in both the controls and the menstrual migraine patients, independently of the menstrual cycle phase. In both the naloxone and corticotropin releasing hormone testings, the basal b-EP levels measured in the premenstrual period were lower than those observed in the follicular phase ( p < 0.02). These data demonstrate a cyclical, premenstrual dysfunction of the hypothalamic control exerted by opioids on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Impairment of this fundamental adaptive mechanism (involved in stress responses and in pain control) could establish a causal relationship between menstrual-related migraine attacks and premenstrual opioid hyposensitivity.

scholarly journals Sex Differences and Menstrual Cycle Phase-Dependent Modulation of Craving for Cigarette: An fMRI Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Mendrek ◽  
Laurence Dinh-Williams ◽  
Josiane Bourque ◽  
Stéphane Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Right

While overall more men than women smoke cigarettes, women and girls take less time to become dependent after initial use and have more difficulties quitting the habit. One of the factors contributing to these differences may be that women crave cigarettes more than men and that their desire to smoke is influenced by hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine potential sex/gender differences in functional neuroanatomy of craving and to (b) delineate neural correlates of cigarette cravings in women across their menstrual cycle. Fifteen tobacco-smoking men and 19 women underwent a functional MRI during presentation of neutral and smoking-related images, known to elicit craving. Women were tested twice: once during early follicular phase and once during midluteal phase of their menstrual cycle. The analysis did not reveal any significant sex differences in the cerebral activations associated with craving. Nevertheless, the pattern of activations in women varied across their menstrual cycle with significant activations in parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe, during follicular phase, and only limited activations in the right hippocampus during the luteal phase.

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 2)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
K. B. Muravlyova ◽  
O. I. Kuzminova ◽  
S. I. Petrova ◽  
M. V. Skoraya ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Alpha Peak

With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the alpha EEG characteristics the 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began investigation at their follicular phase and half at their luteal phase (LP). The alpha peak frequency, alpha band width and power inalpha-2 range are highest, but power in alpha 1 and activation are lowest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.

Menstrual status and plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone exercise responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. De Souza ◽  
C. M. Maresh ◽  
M. S. Maguire ◽  
W. J. Kraemer ◽  
G. Flora-Ginter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Midluteal Phase

The effects of menstrual cycle phase (early follicular vs. midluteal) and menstrual status (eumenorrhea vs. amenorrhea) on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (ALDO) were studied before and after 40 min of submaximal running (80% maximal O2 uptake). Eumenorrheic runners were studied in the early follicular and midluteal phases determined by urinary luteinizing hormone and progesterone and plasma estradiol and progesterone assays; amenorrheic runners were studied once. Menstrual phase was associated with no significant differences in preexercise plasma AVP or PRA, but ALDO levels were significantly higher during the midluteal phase than the early follicular phase. Plasma AVP and PRA were significantly elevated at 4 min after the 40-min run in the eumenorrheic runners during both menstrual phases and returned to preexercise levels by 40 min after exercise. Plasma ALDO responses at 4 and 40 min after exercise were higher in the midluteal phase than the early follicular phase. Menstrual status was associated with no significant differences in preexercise AVP or PRA; however, ALDO levels were significantly higher in the amenorrheic runners. After exercise, responses in the amenorrheic runners were comparable with the eumenorrheic runners during the early follicular phase. Thus, submaximal exercise elicits significant increases in plasma AVP and PRA independent of menstrual phase and status. However, plasma ALDO is significantly elevated during the midluteal phase, exercise results in a greater response during this menstrual phase, and amenorrheic runners have elevated resting levels of ALDO.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle Phases Influence on Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise in Endurance-Trained Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rael ◽  
Víctor Alfaro-Magallanes ◽  
Nuria Romero-Parra ◽  
Eliane Castro ◽  
Rocío Cupeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Response ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of sex hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle on cardiorespiratory response to high-intensity interval exercise in athletes. Twenty-one eumenorrheic endurance-trained females performed an interval running protocol in three menstrual cycle phases: early-follicular phase (EFP), late-follicular phase (LFP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP). It consisted of 8 × 3-min bouts at 85% of their maximal aerobic speed with 90-s recovery at 30% of their maximal aerobic speed. To verify menstrual cycle phase, we applied a three-step method: calendar-based counting, urinary luteinizing hormone measurement and serum hormone analysis. Mixed-linear model for repeated measures showed menstrual cycle impact on ventilatory (EFP: 78.61 ± 11.09; LFP: 76.45 ± 11.37; MLP: 78.59 ± 13.43) and heart rate (EFP: 167.29 ± 11.44; LFP: 169.89 ± 10.62; MLP: 169.89 ± 11.35) response to high-intensity interval exercise (F2.59 = 4.300; p = 0.018 and F2.61 = 4.648; p = 0.013, respectively). Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, breathing frequency, energy expenditure, relative perceived exertion and perceived readiness were unaltered by menstrual cycle phase. Most of the cardiorespiratory variables measured appear to be impassive by menstrual cycle phases throughout a high-intensity interval exercise in endurance-trained athletes. It seems that sex hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle are not high enough to disrupt tissues’ adjustments caused by the high-intensity exercise. Nevertheless, HR based training programs should consider menstrual cycle phase.

scholarly journals T141. EFFECTS OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON RESTING STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: A FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S284-S285
Author(s):  
Handan Noyan ◽  
Andaç Hamamcı ◽  
Zeynep Fırat ◽  
Ayşegül Sarsılmaz Oygen ◽  
Alp Üçok
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The menstrual cycle is a favorable model for examining the influence of ovarian hormones on cognition, emotion and brain functions. Ovarian hormones have substantial effects on task-related brain activity, but their impacts on functional connectivity at rest have been investigated by a few studies conducted with healthy individuals and these pre-existing findings are inconsistent. As for schizophrenia, different influences of ovarian hormones were reported. For instance, the estrogen hypothesis of schizophrenia has suggested that estrogen plays a neuroprotective role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. The present study investigates resting state functional connectivity (RS-FC) alterations related to menstrual cycle phase and/or hormone levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and aims to contribute to the understanding of the effects of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and brain functions. Methods The study was conducted with 13 women with schizophrenia (the mean of age: 32 ± 7.67) and 13 healthy women (the mean of age: 30.08 ± 7.27). Resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning, as well as hormonal and clinical assessments, were applied to each participant twice, during two menstrual cycle phases: early follicular (Days 2–6; low estrogen/progesterone) and mid-luteal (Days 20–22; high estrogen/progesterone). The serum hormone levels of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin (only in the patients), follicle-stimulating and luteinizing were assessed. The clinical assessment interviews included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales, the Clinical Global Impression (only for the patients), the Global Assessment of Functioning and the Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia (for both groups). Results Our findings revealed that no cycle phase-related alterations existed in RS-FC in both groups. However, specific correlations between each hormone and RS-FC were found in both cycle phases for two groups. In the patients, estrogen was positively correlated with the auditory network (AN) connectivity in the left amygdala at the early follicular phase. In the controls, the positive correlations to progesterone were found in the precuneus for the connectivity of the posterior default mode network (DMN) and the left-frontoparietal network (FPN) during the early follicular phase. Also, progesterone was negatively correlated with the executive control network (ECN) connectivity in the right superior frontal gyrus at the mid-luteal phase in the controls. Furthermore, the patients had lower progesterone levels during the mid-luteal phase compared to the controls (p&lt;0.05). The severity of the psychotic symptoms of the patients didn’t change between the cycle phases. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the influence of the menstrual cycle on the brain’s RS-FC in schizophrenia. Our results indicated that the effects of the menstrual cycle on RS-FC were more prominent in the controls rather than the patients with schizophrenia; and that the findings for the patient group may be associated with the additional mechanisms responsible from schizophrenia. This might imply that differentiating the menstrual cycle effects is difficult in a complex disorder such as schizophrenia. The results obtained from the controls are consistent with the previous findings indicating that the menstrual cycle effects might be associated with the connectivity of the DMN and cognition-related networks. Moreover, our results suggested that estrogen might have a modulating effect on the intrinsic functional connectivity changes in the patients, while progesterone, might mediate to that in the controls.

scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 1)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Muravlyova ◽  
O. I. Kuzminova ◽  
S. E. Petrova ◽  
M. V. Skoraya ◽  
O. M. Bazanova
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Emotional Tension ◽  
Subject Design

With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the cognitive and psycho-emotional characteristics in 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began during their follicular phase and half began during their luteal phase (LP). The level of psycho-emotional tension was lowest, but cognitive performance efficiency is a highest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.

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