scholarly journals Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Car Dust from Thailand and Implications for Human Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Premrudee Kanchanapiya ◽  
◽  
Benjawan Nilyok ◽  
Supachai Songngam ◽  
Sun Olapiriyakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Bag Filter ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants ◽  
Filter Dust ◽  
Reference Doses ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Dust Ingestion

Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are a group of compounds frequently detected in indoor dust that pose high health risks to exposure subjects. The present study reports on the investigation of the levels and profiles of seven target PFRs in car dust samples from Thailand. The samples were collected from the discarded air conditioning (AC) filter of 14 private cars (called AC dust samples) and from the bag filter installed in vacuum cleaners of 10 car washing services (called settled dust samples) in 2019. The concentrations of 7PFRs in AC dust samples were approximately 3,800-91,000 ng/g, whereas those from settled dust samples were about 11,000 to 15,000 ng/g. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was found to be the most prominent of PFRs detected in both types of car dust with the highest concentration of 39,000 ng/g for AC filter dust and 10,000 ng/g for settled dust. The main PFR contributors in both dust types were TBEP (80%, 75%), followed by Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (9%, 5%) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) (7%, 4%), respectively. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) and tri cresyl phosphate (TCP) were not detected in both types of car dust and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) was found only in settled dust samples. According to the results of exposure assessment to PFRs in car dust, the human exposures via ingestion for adults and toddlers ranged from 1.69×10-2 to 2.67 and 10.6 to 2,360 ng/kg/day. The human exposures via inhalation for adults and toddlers ranged from 3.27×10-4 to 5.17x10-2 and 2.58×10-1 to 40.9 ng/kg/day. The highest exposure among PFRs corresponded to TBEP for both adults and toddlers and the risk through ingestion was higher than inhalation intake. Toddlers were more exposed to PFR contaminants in comparison to adults. When comparing the estimated average daily intake (ADI) values with the reference doses (RfDs) for PFRs, it was found that exposure to PFRs in car cabins via inhalation and dust ingestion is unlikely to have adverse human health effects.

scholarly journals Exposure to Phthalate and Organophosphate Esters via Indoor Dust and PM10 Is a Cause of Concern for the Exposed Saudi Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Iqbal M. I. Ismail ◽  
Ehtisham Nazar ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Summan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Organophosphate Esters ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Filter Dust ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

In this study, we measured the occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalates in the settled dust (floor and air conditioner filter dust) and in suspended particulate matter (PM10) from different microenvironments (households (n = 20), offices (n = 10) and hotels (n = 10)) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the major pollutant (contributing >85% of total chemicals burden) in all types of indoor dust with a concentration up to 3,901,500 ng g−1. While dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and DEHP together contributed >70% in PM10 (1900 ng m−3), which indicate PM10 as a significant source of exposure for DBP and DEHP in different Saudi indoor settings. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the major OPE in PM10 with a concentration of up to 185 ng m−3 and the occurrence of OPEs in indoor dust varied in studied indoor settings. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of studied chemicals via dust ingestion and inhalation of PM10 was below the reference dose (RfD) of individual chemicals. However, estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) with moderate risk (1.5 × 10−5) for Saudi adults and calculated hazardous index (HI) of >1 for Saudi children from DEHP showed a cause of concern to the local public health.

Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in indoor dust in multiple microenvironments of southern China and implications for human exposure

Chemosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Tao He ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
She-Jun Chen ◽  
Jun-Zhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

scholarly journals Occurrence and human exposure to brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants via indoor dust in a Brazilian city

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Cristale ◽  
Tiago Gomes Aragão Belé ◽  
Silvia Lacorte ◽  
Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

scholarly journals Brominated and phosphate flame retardants (FRs) in indoor dust from different microenvironments: Implications for human exposure via dust ingestion and dermal contact

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zheng ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Adrian Covaci ◽  
Runxia Sun ◽  
Huiying Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Dermal Contact ◽  
Dust Ingestion

scholarly journals Brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants in South African indoor dust and cat hair

2019 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brits ◽  
Sicco H. Brandsma ◽  
Egmont R. Rohwer ◽  
Jayne De Vos ◽  
Jana M. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

scholarly journals Characterization of residential household dust from Shanghai by particle size and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants and metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Yanling Qiu ◽  
Åsa Gustafsson ◽  
Annette M. Krais ◽  
Jana M. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants

Abstract Background Physical and biological properties of dust particles might affect the availability and distribution of chemicals associated to indoor dust; however it has not been adequately examined. In this study, household dust from Shanghai was fractionated into five particle sizes and size distribution, morphology, surface area, organic matter, microorganisms, elemental composition, metals and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) compositions were characterized. Also, household dust samples from Stockholm that has previously been characterized were included in the analysis of OPFRs for comparison. Results The respirable fraction had a yield of 3.3% in mass percentage, with a particle size of 2.22 ± 2.04 µm. As expected, both metals and OPFRs concentrations increased with decreased particle size. Al and Fe dominated (66–87%) followed by the concentrations of Zn (5–14%) and Ga (1.8–5%) of the sum of 16 metals in the dust. The concentrations of OPFRs in Shanghai dust ranged from 5.34 to 13.7 µg/g (median: 7.21 µg/g), compared to household dust from Stockholm that ranged from 16.0 to 28.3 µg/g (median: 26.6 µg/g). Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) dominated in Shanghai dust samples while tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) dominated in dust from Stockholm homes. Conclusion The results showed that mass percentage for each particle size fraction was not evenly distributed. Furthermore, the particle-bound microorganisms and OPFRs increased with decreased particle size, whereas metals had the highest concentrations at specific dust sizes. Therefore, it is essential to select the proper particle size in order to assess any specific human exposure study to indoor pollutants.

Organophosphate flame retardants and diesters in urine of e-waste dismantling workers: Associations with indoor dust and implications for urinary biomonitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Xin Qin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xi Zhuang ◽  
Wei-Xiang Lei ◽  
Mei-Huan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Dust Ingestion

Indoor dust ingestion is one of the main pathways for human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs). The urinary concentrations of diesters (DAPs) are usually used as biomarkers to assess...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document