scholarly journals Behavior of the Average Concentrations As Well As Their PM10 and PM2.5 Variability in the Metropolitan Area of Lima, Peru: Case Study February and July 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Reátegui-Romero Warren ◽  
F. Zaldivar-Alvarez Walter ◽  
Pacsi–Valdivia Sergio ◽  
R. Sánchez-Ccoyllo Odón ◽  
E. García-Rivero Alberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Traffic Behavior

This research focused on analyzing the behavior of the hourly average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in relation to vehicular traffic, as well as the effect of relative humidity on these concentrations. Measurements of hourly particulate matter concentrations were recorded by the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI) at five surface air quality stations. The profiles of PM10 concentrations are related to traffic behavior, showing high levels of concentrations at peak hours, while the PM2.5 profiles are flatter and better related to traffic in February (summer). The decrease in relative humidity between 80 to 65% in the mornings has a greater effect on the increase in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in February than in July (winter), and the increase in relative humidity between 65 to 80 % in the afternoon, it has a greater effect on the decrease in the concentration of PM2.5 in February than in July. The air quality in the north (PPD and CRB stations) and east (SJL station) of the Metropolitan Area of Lima (MAL) are the most polluted. The factors that relate PM10 concentrations with the Peruvian standard in February at these stations were 2.79, 1.78 and 1.26, and in July 2.74, 1.28 and 1.36 respectively. The highest and lowest variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in February and July occurred in the northern area (PPD and SMP stations).

scholarly journals Impact of Diwali firework emissions on air quality of New Delhi, India during 2013-2015

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
SUNIL KUMAR PESHIN ◽  
PRIYANKA SINHA ◽  
AMIT BISHT
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Diwali is one of the major and most important festivals celebrated all over India which falls in the period late October to early November every year. It is associated with burning of firecrackers especially during the night of Diwali day that leads to degradation of air quality that lasts for a longer duration of time. Firecrackers on burning releases huge amount of trace gases such as NOx, CO, SO2 and O3 and huge amount of aerosols and particulate matter. The present study focuses on the influence of firecrackers  emissions on surface ozone(O3) ,oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)concentration over the capital urban metropolis of India, New Delhi during Diwali festivity period from 2013-2015. A sharp increase is observed in surface ozone, NOx and particulate matter concentration during the Diwali day as compared to control day for 2013 to 2015 which is mainly attributed to burning of firecrackers. However the average concentration levels of the  gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) on Diwali day exhibited a decline in 2015 and 2014 as compared to 2013 due to increase in  awareness campaigns among public and increased cost of firecrackers.  

scholarly journals Residents’ Perceptions of and Response Behaviors to Particulate Matter—A Case Study in Seoul, Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Eun Cho ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Response Behaviors

This study is interested in understanding the particulate matter perceptions and response behaviors of residents. The purpose of this study was to identify indoor air quality along with the response behaviors of residents in Seoul, to ascertain whether there is a difference in behaviors when particulate matter is present, according to the characteristics of residents and to grasp the nature of this difference. A questionnaire survey of 171 respondents was conducted. The questionnaire measured the indoor air quality perceived by residents, the health symptoms caused by particulate matter, residents’ response behaviors to particulate matter and the psychological attributes affecting those response behaviors. Residents of Seoul were divided into college students in their twenties, male workers in their thirties and forties and female housewives in their thirties and forties. The data were calibrated by SPSS 23 using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses. The results show that most people found particulate matter to be an important problem but were unable to do sufficient mitigation action to prevent its presence. Residents showed greater psychological stress resulting in difficulty going out than physical symptoms. The most influential factor on response behaviors was psychological attributes. Participants were aware of the risks of particulate matter but believed it to be generated by external factors; thus, they felt powerless to do anything about it, which proved to be an obstacle to response behaviors.

scholarly journals Regional contributions to particulate matter concentration in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea: seasonal variation and sensitivity to meteorology and emissions inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 10315-10332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Cheol Kim ◽  
Eunhye Kim ◽  
Changhan Bae ◽  
Jeong Hoon Cho ◽  
Byeong-Uk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Emissions Inventories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of regional emissions (e.g., domestic and international) on surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), South Korea, and its sensitivities to meteorology and emissions inventories are quantitatively estimated for 2014 using regional air quality modeling systems. Located on the downwind side of strong sources of anthropogenic emissions, South Korea bears the full impact of the regional transport of pollutants and their precursors. However, the impact of foreign emissions sources has not yet been fully documented. We utilized two regional air quality simulation systems: (1) a Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) system and (2) a United Kingdom Met Office Unified Model and CMAQ system. The following combinations of emissions inventories are used: the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B, the Inter-comparison Study for Asia 2010, and the National Institute of Environment Research Clean Air Policy Support System. Partial contributions of domestic and foreign emissions are estimated using a brute force approach, adjusting South Korean emissions to 50 %. Results show that foreign emissions contributed  ∼  60 % of SMA surface PM concentration in 2014. Estimated contributions display clear seasonal variation, with foreign emissions having a higher impact during the cold season (fall to spring), reaching  ∼  70 % in March, and making lower contributions in the summer,  ∼  45 % in September. We also found that simulated surface PM concentration is sensitive to meteorology, but estimated contributions are mostly consistent. Regional contributions are also found to be sensitive to the choice of emissions inventories.

scholarly journals Modeling analysis of the seasonal characteristics of haze formation in Beijing

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 10231-10248 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Han ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
F. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Aerosol Optical Property ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Haze Formation

Abstract. The air quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System–Community Multiscale Air Quality), coupled with an aerosol optical property scheme, was applied to simulate the meteorological field, major aerosol components (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, organic carbon, dust, and sea salt), and surface visibility over the North China Plain (NCP) in 2011. The modeled results in February and July 2011 were selected and analyzed to obtain an in-depth understanding of the haze formation mechanism in Beijing for different seasons. The simulation results showed that the visibility was below 10 km for most regions of the NCP, and dropped to less than 5 km over the megacities of Beijing and Tianjin, the whole of Hebei Province, and the northwest part of Shandong Province during pollution episodes in February and July. The heavy mass concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 120 to 300 μg m−3 and was concentrated in the areas with low visibility. The haze formation mechanism in Beijing in winter was different from that in summer. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was higher, and the components more complicated, in winter. While the mass concentration of PM2.5 in summer was lower than that in winter, the mass concentrations of hygroscopic inorganic salts were comparable with those in winter, and the relative humidity was, as expected, higher. Therefore, the water uptake of hygroscopic aerosols played a key role in summer. Moreover, the analysis showed that the influence of the PM2.5 mass burden on visibility was very weak when its value was larger than 100 μg m−3. Only when the mass burden of PM2.5 decreased to a certain threshold interval did the visibility increase rapidly. This indicates that, when emission reduction measures are taken to control haze occurrence, the mass burden of PM2.5 must be cut to below this threshold interval. The relationship between the threshold of haze occurrence and the relative humidity in Beijing was fitted by an exponential function, and the resulting fitting curves could provide a new theoretical basis to understand and control haze formation in Beijing.

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