scholarly journals Case report of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis secondary to tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3723
Author(s):  
Anandi A. ◽  
Preethy R. ◽  
Rani Suganya R. ◽  
Jothiramalingam S.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Plasma Exudation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a visceral encapsulation syndrome of inflammatory origin, seen as an infrequent cause of intestinal obstruction in young patients. It is a condition characterised by complete encapsulation of small bowel loops by a fibrocollagenous membrane, leading to cocoon formation. Histologically, the membrane is composed mainly of organised fibrin, probably derived from the plasma exudation of peritoneal microvasculature. Clinical presentation is related to the development of altered gut motility, resulting in abdominal pain and features of intestinal obstruction. We here discussed about a young patient who presented with features of intestinal obstruction and diagnosed with SEP, secondary to abdominal tuberculosis and was then treated surgically. SEP as a cause of intestinal obstruction is a rare life threatening entity encountered in day to day practice. Definitive diagnosis of this condition is challenging in the pre-operative period and is usually missed and a high index of suspicion is required. 

scholarly journals Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: a rare case presenting as intestinal obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4580
Author(s):  
Aditya Prasad Padhy ◽  
Swetamayee Dash
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Young Adolescent Girl ◽  
One Year ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Oral Diet

Abdominal cocoon or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare condition of unknown/ multifactorial etiology in which intestinal obstruction result from encasement of variable length of bowel by dense fibro collagenous membrane. A young adolescent girl reported with features of small bowel obstruction for more than one year. CT scan suggested features of internal obstruction. On exploration, she was found to have all viscous densely covered with a thick white gelatinous like membrane. The membrane was gently peeled off from the bowel. The patient recovered well and was discharged on an oral diet. Preoperative diagnosis of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is difficult and incidentally it is discovered on laparotomy. CECT is helpful in preoperative diagnosis. Main stay of treatment for this is surgery. Simple removal of the membrane after lysis of the adhesions produces optimal outcome. When the intestine is nonviable, bowel resection should be done. A high index of suspicion and appropriate radiology can prevent ‘surprises’ on laparotomy and unnecessary bowel resection. Simple removal of the membrane gives a good outcome. 

scholarly journals Abdominal Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Md Ismail ◽  
Golam Azam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Frequent Site ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Abdominal tuberculosis constitute up to 12% of extrapulmonary TB and is sixth frequent site of extrapulmonary involvement. The most common sites of involvement is the ileocaecalregion. Other site of involvement in descending order are ascending colon jejunum, appendix, duodenum, stomach, esophagus, sigmoid colon and rectum. Abdominal TB has diagnostic dilemma due to its diverse and non-specific clinical presentation and has no single most specific, sensitive diagnostic test. A high index of suspicion, common and rare clinical feature, adequate imaging study, endoscopy, enteroscopy, laparoscopy, laparotomy, biopsy with histopathology, Mycobacterial isolation, Quantiferon-TB Gold, GeneXpert Assay, MULTIPLEX PCR and clinical response to anti TB therapy are considered for early diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality. Six month antiTB regime is effective as nine or 12month therapy. MDR TB and frequent interruption of therapy should considered in nonresponder to standard therapy. Surgery is required for minority cases that developed complications not responding to medical therpy.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(1): 39-45

scholarly journals Thromboembolic Conditions, Aetiology Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Human Counterpart ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

In veterinary medicine, thrombo-embolism (TE) is an under-appreciated medical condition that requires immediate recognition. Since TE is multifactorial and its mode of presentation may vary, veterinarians face great difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. In addition, most of the underlying conditions that give rise to TE are life-threatening and an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required. Not only does the diagnosis and treatment of this condition require the collaboration of many specialties, the costs of therapy can be excessive with a high risk of recurrence. As such, owners have to be thoroughly informed before the therapy commences. While TE has been well-characterized in humans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little information of similar quality is available in veterinary medicine. In addition, TE in animals is distinct from its human counterpart and we cannot simply adapt what is known from human clinical trials. With the promise of improvements in imaging modalities that improve our diagnostic capabilities, the window of opportunity to treat TE increases. This article focuses on aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of dogs and cats affected by TE.

scholarly journals Dieulafoy Lesion of Ileum: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Prakash Poudel ◽  
Ramesh Dhakwa
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Mucosal Defect ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Dieulafoy Lesion

Dieulafoy lesion is a rare cause of massive GI bleeding. It’s an abnormal sub-mucosal artery protruding from a minute mucosal defect (≤3 mm). A 31 yearold male presented with complaints of hematochezia. Preliminary investigations failed to locate the exact source of bleed. Enteroscopy suggested distal ileal bleed. At laparotomy, an ulcerated nodular lesion, approximately 0.5 cm was identified in distal ileum. 30 cm of ileum along with mesentery was resected. Histology revealed it to be Dieulafoy lesion. Dieulafoy lesion is uncommon but one of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding that could result in treacherous and life-threatening gastrointestinal haemorrhage. This lesion is difficult to identify and high index of suspicion is required to make diagnosis. Hence, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of active GI bleeding. The definitive diagnosis is based only on histopathology.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma presenting with life-threatening hemorrhage in a child

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Wind ◽  
P. Benjamin Kerr ◽  
Jennifer A. Sweet ◽  
Vivek R. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Threatening

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas are glial-based tumors that arise most frequently in young patients and usually follow a more benign and indolent clinical course than their other glial-based tumor counterparts. These tumors most frequently present with seizures, and only 3 previous case reports exist of hemorrhagic tumor as the clinical presentation. The authors present the first case of life-threatening intracerebral hemorrhage from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in a child.

scholarly journals Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Adult with Dengue Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khaldun Ismail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or haemophagocytic syndrome is a rare but life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation with nonspecific clinical presentation. HLH is one of the complications in dengue infection. A 69-year-old lady was treated for severe dengue with multi-organ dysfunction with superimposed pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation. However, persistent cytopenia despite blood transfusion without evidence of haemorrhage raised the suspicion of HLH. Further blood investigations revealed hypertriglyceridaemia, hypofibrinogenaemia and hyperferritinaemia. Bone marrow aspiration showed haemophagocytosis. Patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for HLH by HLH-2004 trial. Her HScore is 281, with the probability of having HLH is 99.9%. Patient’s condition improved after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and intravenous dexamethasone in tapering doses. Early specific treatment of HLH with IVIG and/or corticosteroid is important but diagnosis is usually delayed due to nonspecific clinical findings and laboratory results. High index of suspicion with the aid of diagnostic criteria by HLH-2004 trial and HScore is helpful to recognise this syndrome.

scholarly journals Difficult to Diagnose the Cause of Intestinal Obstruction due to Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Ulusoy ◽  
Andrej Nikolovski ◽  
Nazım Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Abdominal Cocoon ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Palpable Abdominal Mass

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis) is a rare condition associated with clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction, episodes of small bowel obstruction and sometimes a palpable abdominal mass. We present the case of a 46-year-old male patient with clinical signs of intestinal obstruction caused by primary sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis.

Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis Causing Delayed Intestinal Obstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-986
Author(s):  
Jayakumar G ◽  
Akshay Viswanath U V ◽  
Amal George ◽  
Sajeesh Sahadevan ◽  
Shahid Shameem
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis ◽  
Encapsulating Peritonitis

scholarly journals Neonatal small bowel obstruction due to malrotation: a clinical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas S. ◽  
Reddy K. R. ◽  
Balraj T. A. ◽  
Gangadhar A.
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Midgut Volvulus ◽  
Fatal Complication ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Background:This study was done at Niloufer hospital and institute of child health, Hyderabad with an aim of evaluating the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management and outcome of malrotation of intestines in the neonates.Methods: Cases of neonatal small intestinal obstruction due to malrotation presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niloufer hospital over a period of two years were evaluated.Results: A total of 38 newborns presented to our department with intestinal obstruction due to malrotation. 3/38 patients presented with extensive gangrene of midgut. 4/38 patients died during the course of treatment.Conclusions: Malrotation is a relatively common cause of neonatal small bowel obstruction. A high index of suspicion is needed in neonates presenting with bilious vomiting. Early laparotomy prevents fatal complication of extensive gangrene due to midgut volvulus. 

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