scholarly journals Etiologies, risk factors and outcomes of dental pulp necrosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Ali Abdulwahab ◽  
Musab Saeed Alqahtani ◽  
Abeer Assaf Alshammari ◽  
Suzan Essam Jiffri ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Alasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection ◽  
Common Causes

Dental pulp necrosis is referred to the situation in which the teeth biologically die due to bacterial infection or without bacterial infection. Dental pulp necrosis can be due to a chronic progression of pulpitis, in which the tissue of soft pulp in the tooth dies due to several causes such as trauma or severe bacterial infection. Untreated cavities, multiple invasive treatments for the tooth, and pathological ischemia for dental pulp are among the most common causes for the necrosis process. Usually, the first symptom of dental pulp necrosis is the irritant pain in the tooth only or the surrounding area because of the inflammation. The grade of pain ranges from mild, moderate, to severe pain according to the size of the damage, followed by swelling and discomfort in chewing due to the pressure on the nerve root at the base of the tooth. We aim to review the different etiologies, risk factors, correlations, and clinical outcomes associated with pulp necrosis. To our knowledge, this article is going to be the first comprehensive review of dental pulp necrosis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for death in suspected severe bacterial infection in infants aged <90 days in Luanda, Angola

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Tuula Pelkonen ◽  
Suvi Urtti ◽  
Ondina Cardoso ◽  
Moe H. Kyaw ◽  
Irmeli Roine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection

Low‐risk factors for severe bacterial infection and acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. e27667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena María Rincón‐López ◽  
María Luisa Navarro Gómez ◽  
Teresa Hernández‐Sampelayo Matos ◽  
Jesús Saavedra‐Lozano ◽  
Yurena Aguilar de la Red ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Acute Chest Syndrome ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection

Risk Factors For The Development Of Severe Bacterial Infection In Patients With Multiple Myeloma During Chemotherapy With Bortezomib Containing Regimens

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 5370-5370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Young Hyun ◽  
Ji Eun Jang ◽  
Yundeok Kim ◽  
Doh Yu Hwang ◽  
Soo Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Poor Performance Status ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection ◽  
Early Course

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with the development of severe bacterial infection (SBI) in patient with multiple myeloma (MM) during treatment with bortezomib-containing regimens. Methods A total of 98 patients with MM who were treated with bortezomib-based treatment between 2006 and 2012 were analyzed. Fifty three patients received bortezomib-dexamethasone, 25 patients received bortezomib-melphalan-prednisolone, 15 patients received bortezomib-doxorubicin-dexamethasone and 5 patients received other regimens. They received a total of 427 courses of treatment. The SBI was defined as at least grade 3 neutropenic/non-neutropenic infection by NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Using the logistic regression method, we analyzed risk factors for the development of SBI during each course of treatment. Results Median age of the patients was 62 years and 40.6% (30/98) of patients treated with bortezomib-containing regimens as first-line therapy. The SBI was developed in 57% (56/98) of patients and 19% (81/427) of bortezomib courses. Among 81 episodes of SBI, 42 (53%) episodes were clinically documented infection, 30 (37%) were microbiologically documented infections, and 9 (11%) were fever of unknown origin. The most common type of infection was pneumonia (60%). Poor performance status (ECOG ≥2) (Hazard Ratio [HR] 5.365, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.004-14.364, P =.001) was the only risk factor for the development of SBI in 98 patients. When we analyzed the risk factors for the development of SBI which occurred during each treatment course, poor performance status (ECOG ≥2) (P <.001), early course of treatment (≤2 courses) (P <.001) and pretreatment lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count <1.0 x 109/L) (P = .043) were associated with increased risk for developing SBI in each course. These 3 risk factors remained independently significant in multivariate analysis: poor performance status (ECOG ≥2) (HR 3.920, 95% CI 2.305-6.666, P <.001), early course of treatment (≤2 courses) (HR 2.782, 95% CI 1.633-4.740, P <.001) and pretreatment lymphopenia (HR 1.728, 95% CI 1.016-2.937, P = .043). The probability of developing SBI in each treatment course was 5.1% in courses with no risk factor, 14.9% in 1 risk factor, 23.9% in 2 risk factors and 59.5% in 3 risk factors (P <.001, Figure 1). After treatment with bortezomib-containing regimens, patients who experienced SBI showed a significantly shorter overall survival than patients who didn't experienced SBI (median 6.1 month vs. 30.1 months, P = .004) although progression free survival was not different (median 18.1 months vs. 21.9 months, P = .418). The multivariate cox analysis demonstrated that the development of SBI was associated with inferior overall survival (HR 2.440, 95% CI 1.305-4.561, P = .005) as well as male sex (HR 2.323, 95% CI 1.236-4.367, P = .009). Conclusions In conclusion, we identified that poor performance status, early courses of treatment, and lymphopenia at the beginning of each treatment course were the risk factors for the development of SBI in patients with MM during treatment with bortezomib-containing regimens. Close monitoring for the development of SBI and appropriate treatment should be considered in the patients with risk factors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Postnatal infection surveillance by telephone in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: An observational cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254131
Author(s):  
Susannah L. Woodd ◽  
Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi ◽  
Andrea M. Rehman ◽  
Oona M. R. Campbell ◽  
Asila Kagambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Perineal Wound ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection ◽  
Postnatal Infection

Introduction Maternal and newborn infections are important causes of mortality but morbidity data from low- and middle-income countries is limited. We used telephone surveillance to estimate infection incidence and risk factors in women and newborns following hospital childbirth in Dar es Salaam. Methods We recruited postnatal women from two tertiary hospitals and conducted telephone interviews 7 and 28 days after delivery. Maternal infection (endometritis, caesarean or perineal wound, or urinary tract infection) and newborn infection (umbilical cord or possible severe bacterial infection) were identified using hospital case-notes at the time of birth and self-reported symptoms. Adjusted Cox regression models were used to assess the association between potential risk-factors and infection. Results We recruited 879 women and interviewed 791 (90%). From day 0–7, 6.7% (49/791) women and 6.2% (51/762) newborns developed infection. Using full follow-up data, the infection rate was higher in women with caesarean childbirth versus women with a vaginal delivery (aHR 1.93, 95%CI 1.11–3.36). Only 24% of women received pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis before caesarean section. Infection was higher in newborns resuscitated at birth versus newborns who were not resuscitated (aHR 4.45, 95%CI 2.10–9.44). At interview, 66% (37/56) of women and 88% (72/82) of newborns with possible infection had sought health-facility care. Conclusions Telephone surveillance identified a substantial risk of postnatal infection, including cases likely to have been missed by hospital-based data-collection alone. Risk of maternal endometritis and newborn possible severe bacterial infection were consistent with other studies. Caesarean section was the most important risk-factor for maternal infection. Improved implementation of pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis is urgently required to mitigate this risk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Salama Abd Elmagid ◽  
Hend Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Cns Malformation

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) has been identified as one of the most important and common causes of childhood disabilities worldwide and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. CP is defined as a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The objective of our study was to describe main clinical pattern and motor impairments of our patients, and to evaluate the presence of risk factors and if there is a relation to the type of cerebral palsy. Methods Children with cerebral palsy were retrospectively enrolled over 2 years from the neurology outpatient clinics. Cerebral palsy risk factors and motor impairments were determined through caregiver interviews, review of medical records, and direct physical examination. Results One thousand children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. Subjects were 64.4% male, with a median age of 2.5 years. The risk factors for cerebral palsy in our study were antenatal (21%), natal and post-natal (30.5%), post-neonatal (17.1%), and unidentified (31.4%). Antenatal as CNS malformation (26.6%), maternal DM (17.6%), prolonged rupture of membrane (11.9%), maternal hemorrhage (10.4%), and pre-eclampsia (4.7%). Natal and post-natal as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (28.5%), infection (16.3%), hyperbilirubinemia (12.7%), cerebrovascular accidents (8.8%), meconium aspiration (6.2%), and intracranial hemorrhage. Post-neonatal as CNS infection (34.5%), cerebrovascular accidents (28.6%), sepsis (23.9%), and intracranial hemorrhage (8.7%). Conclusions Cerebral palsy has different etiologies and risk factors. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal preventative strategies in these patients.

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