scholarly journals Potential of photovoltaic solar energy to reduce the carbon footprint of the Brazilian electricity matrix

Author(s):  
Monica Carvalho ◽  
Danielle Delgado

A energia solar fotovoltaica dentro da geração distribuída vem se consolidando no Brasil desde 2012. Este crescimento é acompanhado por um desconhecimento dos efeitos, tanto técnicos quanto ambientais, da utilização deste recurso no Sistema Elétrico Brasileiro. O primeiro passo deste estudo foi aplicar a metodologia daAvaliação do Ciclo de Vida a todas as etapas do Sistema Elétrico Brasileiro, para quantificar as emissões associadas ao consumo de 1 kWh de eletricidade no Brasil. O potencial de geração foi considerado, juntamente com as seguintes etapas (e consequentes perdas) associadas à transmissão, distribuição e transformação. Os documentos de referência utilizados para as projeções de geração de eletricidade foram os relatórios anuais estatísticos da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética e do Plano Decenal de Expansão da Eletricidade 2024. Os mixes elétricos para os anos de 2001, 2006 a 2015 e 2024 foram modelados no software SimaPro, para todas as etapas do Sistema Elétrico Brasileiro. O método de avaliação de impacto ambiental selecionado foi o IPCC 2013 GWP 100a, que expressou os resultados da análise em termos de kg de CO2-eq. Uma contribuição importante deste estudo, que será utilizada em estudos de otimização do fornecimento energia com o software Lingo, é o estabelecimento da dinâmica das emissões associadas ao consumo de eletricidade no Brasil. O potencial da eletricidade solar fotovoltaica para substituir a geração termoelétrica foi verificado. Em 2015, a eletricidade solar fotovoltaica apareceu na matriz elétrica brasileira e, após análise de representatividade para o ano 2024, foi identificada uma potencial redução na pegada de carbono do mix de eletricidade brasileiro a partir deste ano. Embora a eletricidade solar fotovoltaica apresente alto potencial de mitigação de mudanças climáticas, ainda é inexpressiva e não apresenta potencial para substituir as usinas termelétricas na matriz elétrica brasileira. Resumen La energía solar fotovoltaica dentro de la generación distribuida se ha consolidado en Brasil desde 2012. Este crecimiento se acompaña de un desconocimiento de los efectos, tanto técnicos como ambientales, de la utilización de este recurso en el Sistema Eléctrico Brasileño. El primer paso de este estudio ha sido aplicar la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida a todas las etapas del Sistema Eléctrico Brasileño para cuantificar las emisiones asociadas al consumo de 1 kWh de electricidad en Brasil. Se ha considerado el potencial de generación, y las etapas siguientes (y consecuentes pérdidas) asociadas a transmisión, distribución y transformación. Los documentos de referencia utilizados para las proyecciones de generación de electricidad han sido los informes estadísticos anuales de la Compania de Investigación Energética y el Plan Decenal de Expansión de la Electricidad 2024. Los mixes eléctricos para los años 2001, 2006 a 2015 y 2024 fueron modelados en el softwareSimaPro, para todas las etapas del Sistema Eléctrico Brasileño. El método de evaluación de impacto ambiental seleccionado ha sido el IPCC 2013 GWP 100a, que expresa los resultados del análisis en términos de kg de CO2-eq. Una importante contribución de este estudio, que se utilizará en estudios de optimización del suministro de energía con el software Lingo, es el establecimiento de la dinámica de emisiones asociada al consumo de electricidad en Brasil. El potencial de la electricidad solar fotovoltaica para sustituir generación termoeléctrica también ha sido verificado. En 2015 la electricidad solar fotovoltaica apareció en la matriz eléctrica brasileña, y después del análisis de representatividad para el año, se identificó una potencial reducción en la huella de carbono de la mezcla eléctrica brasileña después de este año. Aunque la energía solar fotovoltaica presenta un alto potencial de mitigación de cambio climático, sigue siendo inexpresiva y no presenta potencial para sustituir las centrales termoeléctricas en la matriz eléctrica brasileña. Abstract Photovoltaic solar energy within distributed generation has been consolidating itself in Brazil since 2012. This growth is accompanied by a lack of knowledge of the effects, both technical and environmental, of the utilization of this resource in the Brazilian Electric Power System. The first step of this study applied the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to all stages of the Brazilian Electric Power System, to quantify the emissions associated with the consumption of 1 kWh of electricity in Brazil. The generation potential was considered, along with the following steps (and consequent losses) associated with transmission, distribution and transformation. The reference documents utilized for the electricity generation projections were the statistical annual reports of the Energy Research Company and the Decennial Plan for Electricity Expansion 2024 (published by the Energy and Mines Ministry). The Brazilian electricity mixes for the years 2001, 2006 to 2015 and 2024 were modeled in SimaPro (LCA software), for all stages of the Brazilian Electric Power System. The environmental impact assessment method selected was IPCC 2013 GWP 100a, which expressed the LCA results in terms of kg CO2-eq. An important contribution of this study, and that will be further utilized within energy supply optimization studies with software Lingo, is the establishment of the dynamics of emissions associated with the consumption of electricity in Brazil. In 2015 photovoltaic solar electricity appeared in the Brazilian electricity matrix, and after representativeness analysis for year 2024, a reduction was identified in the carbon footprint of the Brazilian electricity mix after this year. Although photovoltaic solar electricity presents high potential for climate change mitigation, it is still inexpressive and does not present potential to substitute thermoelectric power plants in the Brazilian electricity matrix.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungchan Oh ◽  
Heewon Shin ◽  
Hwanhee Cho ◽  
Byongjun Lee

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions constitute a worldwide trend. According to this trend, there are many plans in place for the replacement of conventional electric power plants operating using fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RESs). Owing to current needs to expand the RES penetration in accordance to a new National power system plan, the importance of RESs is increasing. The RES penetration imposes various impacts on the power system, including transient stability. Furthermore, the fact that they are distributed at multiple locations in the power system is also a factor which makes the transient impact analysis of RESs difficult. In this study, the transient impacts attributed to the penetration of RESs are analyzed and compared with the conventional Korean electric power system. To confirm the impact of the penetration of RESs on transient stability, the effect was analyzed based on a single machine equivalent (SIME) configuration. Simulations were conducted in accordance to the Korean power system by considering the anticipated RES penetration in 2030. The impact of RES on transient stability was provided by a change in CCT by increasing of the RES penetration.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Markova ◽  
Inna Sidler

Our paper addresses an integral model of the large electric power system optimal development. The model takes into account the age structure of the main equipment, which is divided into several types regarding its technical characteristics. This mathematical model is a system of Volterra type integral equations with variable integration limits. The system describes the balance between the given demand for electricity, the commissioning of new equipment and the dismantling of obsolete equipment, as well as the shares of different types of power plants in the total composition of the electric power system equipment. Based on the developed model, we got numerical solution to the problem of finding the optimal strategy for replacing equipment with a minimum of the cost functional. The case study is the Unified Electric Power System of Russia. Calculations of the forecast for development of the electric power system of Russia until 2050 were made using real-life data.


2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Murodilla Mukhammadiev ◽  
Boborakhim Urishev ◽  
Shirin Esemuratova ◽  
Nigina Djumaniyozova

This article deals with the analysis and development perspectives of the use pumped storage power plants use to increase the reliability and regime controllability of electric power systems of the Republic of Uzbekistan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01139
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Vasilyev ◽  
V.V. Elistratov ◽  
I.G. Kudryasheva ◽  
M.M. Mukhammadiyev ◽  
B.U. Urishev

The possibilities of using shunting properties of HPP units, HAPS (Hydro-accumulating power system) for energy storage and redistribution, as well as Pump Station as a consumer of the regulator in night load dips to increase the reliability of the electric power system (EPS) in the conditions of the current increase in the share of non-nondestructive capacities in Russia and Uzbekistan and the implementation of programs for the development of renewable energy sources, primarily the construction of wind and solar power plants, were considered.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Choong-Koo Chang

In order to supply electric power to the safety related loads, safety and reliability of onsite power have to be ensured for the safety function performance in nuclear power plants. Even though the existing electric power system of APR1400 meets the requirements of codes regarding Class 1E system, there is a room for improvement in the design margin against the voltage drop and short circuit current. This paper discusses the amount that the voltage drop and short circuit current occur in the existing electric power system of APR1400. Additionally, this paper studies with regard to the improved model that has the extra margin against the high voltage drop and short circuit current by separation of unit auxiliary transformer (UAT) and standby auxiliary transformer (SAT) for the Class 1E loads. The improved model of the electric power system by separation of UAT and SAT has been suggested through this paper. Additionally, effects of reliability and cost caused by the electric power system modification are considered.


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