scholarly journals Estimating the abundance and composition of soil seed bank at Bekol Savanna in Baluran National Park, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Nurmuliayanti Muis ◽  
Titiek Setyawati ◽  
Soekisman Tjitrosoedirjo ◽  
Yuliana Diah Ratnadewi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Wet Sieving

The composition of soil-seed bank reflects the condition of vegetation in the past and could be used for predicting the composition of plants that will grow in the future. This study aims to determine the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in Bekol savanna, Baluran National Park. Soil samples were taken using a combination method of quadrat-transect on the invaded and not invaded areas by Acacia nilotica. Soil samples were extracted using wet-sieving method. After the extraction process, the seeds were identified and calculated using a stereo microscope. The result showed that soil-seed bank density was lower at the invaded location (7,566.88 seeds/m3) as compared to the uninvaded location (16,798.3 seeds/m3). The soil-seed bank was found in the invaded site comprising 12 species of broadleaved weeds and 5 species of grasses from 7 families, whereas those in the uninvaded area consisted of 10 species of broadleaved weeds and 7 species of grass from 8 families. This study showed that the invasion of A. nilotica significantly affected the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in various soil depths of Bekol savanna.

scholarly journals Prosopis juliflora invasion and environmental factors on density of soil seed bank in Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakshum Shiferaw ◽  
Tamrat Bekele ◽  
Sebsebe Demissew ◽  
Ermias Aynekulu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Grazing Lands

AbstractThe aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0–3 cm, 3–6 cm, and 6–9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6–9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

Heat and smoke effects on the germination of seeds from soil seed banks across forest edges between subtropical rainforest and eucalypt forest at Lamington National Park, south-eastern Queensland, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tang ◽  
S. L. Boulter ◽  
R. L. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Abrupt Transition ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Physical Changes

Physical changes and flows of energy at the interface between two contrasting ecosystems affect the distribution of species across the ecotone. The maintenance and stability of the, often abrupt, transition between Australian rainforest and non-rainforests is often attributed to fire. We use pre-germination treatments of smoke and heat on soil seed bank samples to determine plant distributions across the edge between subtropical rainforest and an adjacent eucalypt-dominated wet sclerophyll forest. Soil seed bank collections at 15 m within the eucalypt forest had both significantly higher density and diversity of seedlings than those at 30 m, at the edge itself or at any site within the rainforest. This response was most apparent when a pre-germination smoke treatment was applied. We suggest that smoke is an important germination trigger for species regenerating at this interface. Our results confirm the importance of fire in determining and maintaining the nature of this ecotone.

scholarly journals Hardseededness and the accuracy of seed bank estimates obtained through germination

Web Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Malo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Year ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Different Origin

Abstract. The seed content of soils is often estimated through germination tests, though these methods are always somewhat inaccurate due to the presence of dormant seeds in the samples. The researcher thus faces the question of whether to continue the germination test or to stop it in the search for an accuracy-to-effort balance. In this paper I analyze the accuracy of seed content estimates obtained after a first-year germination test, by comparison to the germination recorded after three-year cultivation, in 48 soil seed bank samples and 389 from herbivore dung. After the first 9-month cultivation, I recorded 85 ± 1% seedlings and 90 ± 1% species in soil samples, while the accuracy in those of dung was significantly lower, 48 ± 1% seedlings and 65 ± 1% species. The accuracy of estimations varied among samples within experiments, with significant differences in the estimation of species richness in both cases. I did not find consistent differences in the accuracy of estimations linked to seedling densities in growing pots, but the taxonomic composition of samples was a major source of bias. Thus, 22% and 36% of the most frequent species showed germinabilities in the first year significantly different from the rest, and some generalities arose, like the high germinability of grasses and the hardseededness of legumes. I would thus recommend the use of at least two germination cycles for seed bank estimations and a cautious approach when comparing samples with very different origin and/or taxonomic composition.

Soil Seed Bank Changes after Forest Clearing and Agricultural Use in Alaska

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Conn ◽  
Catherine L. Cochrane ◽  
John A. Delapp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Introduced Weeds

Soil samples representing a time series from forest before clearing to land in cultivation for 20 yr were taken near Delta Junction, AK, to determine the changes that occur in the soil seed bank following clearing and agricultural use. The total number of seed was initially low in the forested sites but increased after 3 to 5 yr in cultivation due to seed production by native colonizers and by introduced weeds such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. ♯3CHEAL). Viability of seed of several mature forest species was low. There was a shift from a seed bank dominated by native species in the forest and newly cleared sites to a seed bank dominated by introduced colonizers in the older fields. Although seed of introduced species increased in importance over time, native species, especially native colonizers, continued to be an important component of the seed bank throughout the 20-yr period represented.

Fern spores in a grassland soil

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Milberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Large Spore ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fern Species

Large numbers of fern spores germinated in soil samples from a grassland trail. The trail was established in central Sweden 35 years ago to study the effect of different treatments on grassland vegetation. The density of prothallia varied between 57 000 and 170 000 m−2 in the different treatments. There were no ferns in the treatment plots, and none of the three fern species identified from the spore bank were found in the surrounding area. This suggests that the large spore bank has accumulated over a long period of time and that fern spores are capable of remaining viable in the soil for several years. A large spore bank can enhance the chance for intergametophytic crossing in fern species. Key words: fern, grassland, Pteridophyta, soil seed bank, spore bank.

scholarly journals Exotic Plants of Theodore Roosevelt National Park

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Jack Butler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt National Park ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Initial Survey

The 1992 field season began in early May with a meeting between the principal investigator and NPS Unit Technical Representatives. The primary objectives of the second field season was to 1) continue with the initial survey so that the number and distribution of exotic plant species within the Park could be estimated, 2) take low-level aerial photographs (slides) of the South Unit so that general areas of leafy spurge infestations could be mapped, 3) continue to evaluate the existing ecological effects of exotics on the native constituents, and 4) estimate density and composition of exotics within the soil seed bank.

Exotic plants in the soil-stored seed bank of urban bushland

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. King ◽  
Rod T. Buckney
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Urban Edge ◽  
Poor Indicator

Native vegetation reserves in urban areas have been invaded by exotic plants, particularly along edges. However, it is not known whether the seeds of exotic plants in the soil-stored seed bank are also largely restricted to edges. Ten urban bushland sites in northern Sydney were randomly selected and the readily germinable, soilstored seed bank examined to assess whether the number of exotic and native species varied with distance from an urban edge. The similarity of the contents of the seed bank and the composition of the above-ground vegetation was also examined. Soil samples were collected from quadrats 0–10, 20–30 and 50–60 m from the edge at each site, then spread on germination trays in a glasshouse and germinated seedlings identified. Soil samples were collected every 3 months for a year. The number of exotic species in the seed bank was found to be highest near urban edges, as was the total number of species. The above-ground vegetation was found to be a poor indicator of the contents of the seed bank, for both native and exotic species. Most of the exotic species found in the seed bank were not found in the immediately surrounding vegetation. Furthermore, some exotic species were found in the seed bank at sites where no exotic species were present in the vegetation. The results suggest that it is the lack of suitable conditions that is largely restricting invasion of exotic species to edges of bushland. The results also highlight the need for seedbank studies to assess the contents of the soil seed bank in urban bushland in order to prevent further invasions of exotic plants.

scholarly journals BANCO DE SEMENTES DO SOLO, COMO SUBSÍDIO À RECOMPOSIÇÃO DE MATA CILIAR

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Auwdréia Pereira Alvarenga ◽  
Soraya Alvarenga Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
River Catchment

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a densidade e composição do banco de sementes do solo em dois ambientes de mata ciliar alterada, no entorno de uma nascente. A nascente estudada pertence à bacia hidrográfica do rio Capivari, no município de Itumirim, MG (21º16’ S e 44º52’ W). Nos dois ambientes estudados, foram coletadas 18 amostras de solo a 5,0 cm profundidade, no final da estação chuvosa (maio de 2003). Calculou-se a densidade de sementes e a curva de germinação do banco pelo método de emergência de plântulas. Também foi feita a determinação da composição florística, com base principalmente na morfologia das plântulas. Após um período de 210 dias de avaliação, obteve-se uma densidade de 2.332 sementes/m2 no Ambiente I e 1.896 sementes/m2 no Ambiente II. No entanto constatou-se que o banco de sementes dos dois ambientes avaliados era composto apenas por espécies ruderais. Tais resultados evidenciam a necessidade de intervenção humana no processo de recomposição da vegetação ciliar no entorno dessa nascente, por meio da regeneração artificial de espécies arbóreas.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes do solo; nascente e recomposição da vegetação. AbstractSoilseed bankastogrant recovery of the riparian forest. The present work objective knows the density and composition of soil seed bank in ciliary areas altered in spill of two springs. The studied springs belong to Capivari river catchment, Itumirim, MG (21º16'S and 44º52 ' W). The samples of soils were collected in the end of the rainy station (May of 2003). Were 18 soil samples were collected for the two environments to the depth of 5 cm. was calculated the density of seeds and the curve of germination of the soil seed bank, for method of seedling emergency. It was also made the determination of the floristic composition based mainly on the morphology of the seedling. After a period of 210 days of evaluation obtained a density of 2332 seed/m2 was observed in the environment I and 1896 seed/m2, for the environment. However, it was verified that the bank of seeds of the two appraised East was just composed of ruderal species. Such results evidence the need of human intervention in the process of restoration of the ciliary vegetation in spill of this spring, through the artificial regeneration of the arboreal species.Keyword: Seed bank; spring and restoration of the vegetation.

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