Fern spores in a grassland soil

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Milberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Large Spore ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fern Species

Large numbers of fern spores germinated in soil samples from a grassland trail. The trail was established in central Sweden 35 years ago to study the effect of different treatments on grassland vegetation. The density of prothallia varied between 57 000 and 170 000 m−2 in the different treatments. There were no ferns in the treatment plots, and none of the three fern species identified from the spore bank were found in the surrounding area. This suggests that the large spore bank has accumulated over a long period of time and that fern spores are capable of remaining viable in the soil for several years. A large spore bank can enhance the chance for intergametophytic crossing in fern species. Key words: fern, grassland, Pteridophyta, soil seed bank, spore bank.

scholarly journals Prosopis juliflora invasion and environmental factors on density of soil seed bank in Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakshum Shiferaw ◽  
Tamrat Bekele ◽  
Sebsebe Demissew ◽  
Ermias Aynekulu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Grazing Lands

AbstractThe aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0–3 cm, 3–6 cm, and 6–9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6–9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

Survival of a lowland heathland seed bank after a 33-year burial

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Thompson ◽  
Stuart R. Band
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
First Time

AbstractSoil samples were collected from the original land surface beneath an experimental earthwork, constructed in 1963 at Morden Bog, Dorset, England, and excavated in 1996. Large numbers of seeds of Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea and E. tetralix germinated from the samples, but other species present in the original flora, including Ulex minor and several grasses, were absent. The results confirm the previously-documented longevity of Calluna and E. tetralix, and for the first time demonstrate similar longevity in E. cinerea.

scholarly journals Estimating the abundance and composition of soil seed bank at Bekol Savanna in Baluran National Park, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Nurmuliayanti Muis ◽  
Titiek Setyawati ◽  
Soekisman Tjitrosoedirjo ◽  
Yuliana Diah Ratnadewi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Wet Sieving

The composition of soil-seed bank reflects the condition of vegetation in the past and could be used for predicting the composition of plants that will grow in the future. This study aims to determine the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in Bekol savanna, Baluran National Park. Soil samples were taken using a combination method of quadrat-transect on the invaded and not invaded areas by Acacia nilotica. Soil samples were extracted using wet-sieving method. After the extraction process, the seeds were identified and calculated using a stereo microscope. The result showed that soil-seed bank density was lower at the invaded location (7,566.88 seeds/m3) as compared to the uninvaded location (16,798.3 seeds/m3). The soil-seed bank was found in the invaded site comprising 12 species of broadleaved weeds and 5 species of grasses from 7 families, whereas those in the uninvaded area consisted of 10 species of broadleaved weeds and 7 species of grass from 8 families. This study showed that the invasion of A. nilotica significantly affected the amount and composition of soil-seed bank in various soil depths of Bekol savanna.

scholarly journals Hardseededness and the accuracy of seed bank estimates obtained through germination

Web Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Malo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Year ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Different Origin

Abstract. The seed content of soils is often estimated through germination tests, though these methods are always somewhat inaccurate due to the presence of dormant seeds in the samples. The researcher thus faces the question of whether to continue the germination test or to stop it in the search for an accuracy-to-effort balance. In this paper I analyze the accuracy of seed content estimates obtained after a first-year germination test, by comparison to the germination recorded after three-year cultivation, in 48 soil seed bank samples and 389 from herbivore dung. After the first 9-month cultivation, I recorded 85 ± 1% seedlings and 90 ± 1% species in soil samples, while the accuracy in those of dung was significantly lower, 48 ± 1% seedlings and 65 ± 1% species. The accuracy of estimations varied among samples within experiments, with significant differences in the estimation of species richness in both cases. I did not find consistent differences in the accuracy of estimations linked to seedling densities in growing pots, but the taxonomic composition of samples was a major source of bias. Thus, 22% and 36% of the most frequent species showed germinabilities in the first year significantly different from the rest, and some generalities arose, like the high germinability of grasses and the hardseededness of legumes. I would thus recommend the use of at least two germination cycles for seed bank estimations and a cautious approach when comparing samples with very different origin and/or taxonomic composition.

Soil Seed Bank Changes after Forest Clearing and Agricultural Use in Alaska

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Conn ◽  
Catherine L. Cochrane ◽  
John A. Delapp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Introduced Weeds

Soil samples representing a time series from forest before clearing to land in cultivation for 20 yr were taken near Delta Junction, AK, to determine the changes that occur in the soil seed bank following clearing and agricultural use. The total number of seed was initially low in the forested sites but increased after 3 to 5 yr in cultivation due to seed production by native colonizers and by introduced weeds such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. ♯3CHEAL). Viability of seed of several mature forest species was low. There was a shift from a seed bank dominated by native species in the forest and newly cleared sites to a seed bank dominated by introduced colonizers in the older fields. Although seed of introduced species increased in importance over time, native species, especially native colonizers, continued to be an important component of the seed bank throughout the 20-yr period represented.

Exotic plants in the soil-stored seed bank of urban bushland

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. King ◽  
Rod T. Buckney
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Urban Edge ◽  
Poor Indicator

Native vegetation reserves in urban areas have been invaded by exotic plants, particularly along edges. However, it is not known whether the seeds of exotic plants in the soil-stored seed bank are also largely restricted to edges. Ten urban bushland sites in northern Sydney were randomly selected and the readily germinable, soilstored seed bank examined to assess whether the number of exotic and native species varied with distance from an urban edge. The similarity of the contents of the seed bank and the composition of the above-ground vegetation was also examined. Soil samples were collected from quadrats 0–10, 20–30 and 50–60 m from the edge at each site, then spread on germination trays in a glasshouse and germinated seedlings identified. Soil samples were collected every 3 months for a year. The number of exotic species in the seed bank was found to be highest near urban edges, as was the total number of species. The above-ground vegetation was found to be a poor indicator of the contents of the seed bank, for both native and exotic species. Most of the exotic species found in the seed bank were not found in the immediately surrounding vegetation. Furthermore, some exotic species were found in the seed bank at sites where no exotic species were present in the vegetation. The results suggest that it is the lack of suitable conditions that is largely restricting invasion of exotic species to edges of bushland. The results also highlight the need for seedbank studies to assess the contents of the soil seed bank in urban bushland in order to prevent further invasions of exotic plants.

scholarly journals BANCO DE SEMENTES DO SOLO, COMO SUBSÍDIO À RECOMPOSIÇÃO DE MATA CILIAR

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Auwdréia Pereira Alvarenga ◽  
Soraya Alvarenga Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
River Catchment

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a densidade e composição do banco de sementes do solo em dois ambientes de mata ciliar alterada, no entorno de uma nascente. A nascente estudada pertence à bacia hidrográfica do rio Capivari, no município de Itumirim, MG (21º16’ S e 44º52’ W). Nos dois ambientes estudados, foram coletadas 18 amostras de solo a 5,0 cm profundidade, no final da estação chuvosa (maio de 2003). Calculou-se a densidade de sementes e a curva de germinação do banco pelo método de emergência de plântulas. Também foi feita a determinação da composição florística, com base principalmente na morfologia das plântulas. Após um período de 210 dias de avaliação, obteve-se uma densidade de 2.332 sementes/m2 no Ambiente I e 1.896 sementes/m2 no Ambiente II. No entanto constatou-se que o banco de sementes dos dois ambientes avaliados era composto apenas por espécies ruderais. Tais resultados evidenciam a necessidade de intervenção humana no processo de recomposição da vegetação ciliar no entorno dessa nascente, por meio da regeneração artificial de espécies arbóreas.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes do solo; nascente e recomposição da vegetação. AbstractSoilseed bankastogrant recovery of the riparian forest. The present work objective knows the density and composition of soil seed bank in ciliary areas altered in spill of two springs. The studied springs belong to Capivari river catchment, Itumirim, MG (21º16'S and 44º52 ' W). The samples of soils were collected in the end of the rainy station (May of 2003). Were 18 soil samples were collected for the two environments to the depth of 5 cm. was calculated the density of seeds and the curve of germination of the soil seed bank, for method of seedling emergency. It was also made the determination of the floristic composition based mainly on the morphology of the seedling. After a period of 210 days of evaluation obtained a density of 2332 seed/m2 was observed in the environment I and 1896 seed/m2, for the environment. However, it was verified that the bank of seeds of the two appraised East was just composed of ruderal species. Such results evidence the need of human intervention in the process of restoration of the ciliary vegetation in spill of this spring, through the artificial regeneration of the arboreal species.Keyword: Seed bank; spring and restoration of the vegetation.

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO DO BANCO DE SEMENTES NO SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURA

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Amandio Schorn ◽  
Tatiele Anete Bergamo Fenilli ◽  
Andres Krieger ◽  
Gabriel Corso Pellens ◽  
Juliana Jaqueline Budag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
Germinated Seeds

 Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição e similaridade do banco de sementes no solo em três áreas com diferentes históricos de cobertura do solo: I - floresta nativa remanescente; II - extração recente de Pinus; III - reflorestamento de Pinus. Foram coletadas 10 amostras de solo aleatoriamente, para cada uma das três áreas. As amostras de solo foram colocadas em bandejas de 60 x 40 x 10 cm e dispostas em canteiros a céu aberto no laboratório de silvicultura da FURB, em Blumenau, SC, para análise da germinação, entre junho de 2008 e maio de 2009. As plântulas germinadas foram classificadas em grupos: arbóreas, arbustivas, cipós, herbáceas, gramíneas, pteridófitas e arbóreas exóticas. Foram identificados 2223 indivíduos, pertencentes a 37 espécies e 22 famílias. As espécies com maior quantidade de sementes germinadas nos três ambientes foram Eupatorium compressum e Braquiaria subquadripara. A densidade de indivíduos/m2 foi de 2.846 (ambiente I), 4.292 (ambiente II) e 2.125 (ambiente III). O número de espécies, diversidade e equabilidade foram decrescentes do ambiente I para o ambiente III. Concluiu-se que o tipo de uso e cobertura da área tem relação com a densidade dos grupos de plantas presentes no banco de sementes no solo.Palavras-chave: Regeneração; Floresta Ombrófila Mista; recuperação de área.AbstractComposition of soil seed bank in areas of permanent preservation under different types of coverage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of soil seed bank in three types of use of permanent preservation area: I - remaining native Forest; II - recent extraction of Pinus; III - reforestation of Pinus. 10 soil samples were collected in randomly points distributed in each one of the three areas. The soil samples were individually placed in plastic trays with 60 x 40 x 10cm and arranged in open plots in the Silviculture Laboratory of FURB in Blumenau - SC, for analysis of germination, from June 2008 to May 2009. The seedlings were classified into groups: trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, grasses, ferns and pine. 2223 individuals were identified; they belonged to 37 species and 22 families. The species with the largest number of germinated seeds within the three environments were Eupatorium compressum and Braquiaria subquadripara. The density was 2846 indivíduals.m2 (environment I), 4292 (environment II) and 2125 (environment III). The number of species and diversity values decreased from environment with native remaining forest to the environment area with Pinus. Results point to the fact that the type of use and coverage of the area is related to density of plant groups present in the soil seed bank. Keywords: Regeneration; Mixed Forest; reclamation area.  

scholarly journals Soil Seed Bank Dynamics of Weed Flora in Upland and Lowland Paddy Cultivation Areas of Far Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Bhatt ◽  
SP Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Number Of Individuals

For the analysis of composition of individuals of weed flora, soil samples were taken with diameter of 8cm and depth of 10cm. Soil seed bank dynamics of weed flora experiments were carried out 2004 and 2005 by incubating soil samples collected from the upland and lowland sites. Soil seed bank dynamics of weed flora were recorded by incubating soil samples collected from the two study sites. A total of 46 weed species germinated of which 18 families and 34 genera in soil samples of upland site. From lowland site soil samples, the species were just marginally lower, 43 belonging to 32 genera and 17 families. The mean total number of individuals of weeds that germinated in soil samples of upland site was 517 compared to 503 at lowland site. The highest number of weeds (186) was of the family Cyperaceae (37% of the species). The proportion of this family was 35.6% at the upland site. The dominant families were Cyperaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Poaceae in both the study sites. Of the total germinated weed species, the highest number of individuals of broad-leaved followed by sedges and grasses in both the study sites. Key words: Paddy; Weeds; Seed bank; Upland; Lowland. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2657 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 54-59

Soil seed bank under variegated thistle does not explain thistle dominance

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Katherine N. Tozer
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Preferred Species

Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) is a large, spiny annual that often forms dense monospecific communities on dry ridges and sunny hillslopes. The owner of a typical Poverty Bay hill-country farm with persistent variegated-thistle infestations reported that winter applications of herbicide were ineffectual in the long term as more variegated thistles simply recolonised the sprayed sites. An absence of preferred species, particularly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and legumes (Lotus and Trifolium spp.), in the soil seed bank under dense thistle populations may explain the persistence of these monospecific populations. To test this hypothesis, soil samples were collected from a dense and sparse variegated-thistle population in each of seven paddocks and incubated in a glasshouse. Emerged seedlings were identified and counted. The incubation was repeated three times. Total soil seed numbers were similar under both the dense and sparse populations with similar numbers of preferred legumes under both. However, there were significantly more perennial ryegrass seeds under the dense variegated-thistle populations compared with the sparse ones. Domination of thistles in densely infested patches was not due to lack of preferred species, or indeed other weed species, in the soil seed bank.

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