scholarly journals Influence of ethanol on the activity of glycosidases in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+).

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-299
Author(s):  
L P Arciuch ◽  
A Omasta ◽  
K Rostkowska ◽  
M Gałazyn-Sidorczuk ◽  
J Moniuszko-Jakoniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Inhibition by ethanol of the activities of lysosomal exoglycosidases in stomach, small intestine, liver and brain of rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+) was determined. Out of the glycosidases tested the most distinct effect of Cd2+ and ethanol administered to the rats in vivo was observed in the small intestinal mucosa in a decreasing order: N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

scholarly journals Morphology of small intestinal mucosa and intestinal weight change with metabolic type of cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zitnan ◽  
J. Voigt ◽  
S. Kuhla ◽  
J. Wegner ◽  
A. Chudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Metabolic Type ◽  
Small Intestinal

The objective of this study was to investigate rumen fermentation, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and morphology of ruminal und intestinal mucosa in two cattle breeds of different metabolic type. From each breed six purebred German Holstein (H) bulls representing the secretion type and six Charolais (CH) bulls representing the accretion type were raised and fattened under identical conditions with <I>semi ad libitum</I> feeding of a high energy diet. The animals were used for a digestion trial started at nine months of age and animals were slaughtered at 18 months of age. Body weight (668 vs. 764 kg, <I>P</I> = 0.011), body weight gain (1 223 vs. 1 385 g/day, <I>P</I> = 0.043), and body protein gain (93 vs. 128 g/day, <I>P</I> = 0.001) were lower in H compared to CH bulls. Protein expense per kg protein accretion was higher in H bulls (13.8 vs. 10.2, <I>P</I> = 0.001). No significant differences were found in concentration and pattern of ruminal short chain fatty acid and in apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, and N-free extracts. There were no significant differencs in all morphometric traits of rumen mucosa between both cattle breeds. Compared to H, the villi of CH bulls were higher in duodenum (586 vs. 495 &mu;m, <I>P</I> = 0.001) and proximal jejunum (598 vs. 518&mu;m, <I>P</I> < 0.001), the crypt were deeper in duodenum (295 vs. 358, <I>P</I>< 0.001) and proximal jejunum (292 vs. 344 &mu;m, <I>P</I> = 0.020). In contrast, the villi in ileum were higher in H (522 vs. 471 &mu;m, <I>P</I> = 0.006). The weight of total small intestine, as percentage of total body weight, was 1.1 in H and 0.8 in CH (<I>P</I> = 0.002). The utilization of food crude protein was positively related to the duodenal (<I>P</I> = 0.001) and proximal jejunal villus height (<I>P</I> = 0.003) and to the duodenal crypt depth (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and negatively related to weight of small intestine (<I>P</I> = 0.004). It is concluded, that the higher growth potential and feed efficiency in CH bulls compared to H bulls is not caused by differences in digestion processes, but in size of small intestine, and morphology of small intestinal mucosa. Obviously the duodenum and proximal jejunum of CH bulls adapt to increase the absorptive surface due to the increase in nutrient demand.

Mo2046 Sulforaphane Protects Small Intestinal Mucosa From Indomethacin-Induced Injury in Mice via Dual Beneficial Mechanisms In Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-727-S-728
Author(s):  
Junya Sato ◽  
Atsushi Fukumoto ◽  
Yuhei Suzuki ◽  
Akinori Yanaka
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Lentinan Attenuates Damage of the Small Intestinal Mucosa, Liver, and Lung in Mice with Gut-Origin Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhongshen Kuang ◽  
Tingting Jin ◽  
ChangYi Wu ◽  
Yanan Zong ◽  
Panpan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Small Intestinal

This study is aimed at exploring the effects of lentinan on small intestinal mucosa as well as lung and liver injury in mice with gut-origin sepsis. Cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) were used to construct a mouse model of gut-origin sepsis. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham operation group (sham), gut-origin sepsis model group (CLP), ulinastatin-positive drug control group (UTI), lentinan low concentration group (LTN-L, 5 mg/kg), lentinan medium concentration group (LTN-M, 10 mg/kg), and lentinan high concentration group (LTN-H, 20 mg/kg). H&E staining was used to detect the pathological damage of the small intestine, liver, and lung. The serum of mice in each group was collected to detect the expression changes of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and liver function indexes. In vitro assessment of bacterial translocation was achieved through inoculated culture media. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of molecules related to the NF-κB signaling pathway in the small intestine tissues of mice. The results showed that compared with the CLP group, the injury degree of the small intestine, liver, and lung in mice with gut-origin sepsis was improved with the increase of lentinan concentration. In addition, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and HMGB1 were decreased with the increase of lentinan concentration, but the expression of IL-10 was increased. Lentinan could also reduce the expression of oxidative stress injury indexes and liver function indexes and inhibit bacterial translocation to liver and lung tissues. Further mechanism investigation revealed that lentinan downregulated the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway molecules (NF-κB, TLR4, and Bax) and upregulated the expression of occludin and Bcl-2. In conclusion, lentinan inhibits the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus attenuating injuries of small intestinal mucosa and liver and lung in mice with gut-origin sepsis and reducing the inflammatory response in the process of sepsis.

Trophic effects of glicentin on rat small-intestinal mucosa in vivo and in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Myojo ◽  
Tomoyuki Tsujikawa ◽  
Masaya Sasaki ◽  
Yoshihide Fujiyama ◽  
Tadao Bamba
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Trophic Effects ◽  
Small Intestinal

Intestinal mucosa in diabetes: synthesis of total proteins and sucrase-isomaltase

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (6) ◽  
pp. G788-G793 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Olsen ◽  
E. Perchellet ◽  
R. L. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of insulin deficiency on nitrogen metabolism in muscle and liver have been extensively studied with recent in vivo demonstration of impaired protein synthesis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Despite the significant contribution of small intestinal mucosa to overall protein metabolism, the effects of insulin deficiency on intestinal protein synthesis have not been completely defined. We studied the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on total protein synthesis by small intestinal mucosa and on synthesis of a single enzyme protein of the enterocyte brush-border membrane sucrase-isomaltase. We used the flooding-dose technique of McNurlan, Tomkins, and Garlick (Biochem. J. 178: 373–379, 1979) to minimize the difficulties of measuring specific radioactivity of precursor phenylalanine and determined incorporation into mucosal proteins and sucrase-isomaltase 20 min after injection of the labeled amino acid. Diabetes did not alter mucosal mass as determined by weight and content of protein and DNA during the 5 days after injection of streptozotocin. Increased rates of sucrase-isomaltase synthesis developed beginning on day 3, and those of total protein developed on day 5. Thus intestinal mucosal protein synthesis is not an insulin-sensitive process.

Proliferating cells in the vertebrate small intestine: an immunohistocheniical study

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1034-1035
Author(s):  
Làszló G. Kömüves
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Proliferating Cell

In the small intestinal mucosa of healthy adult mammals proliferating cell are confined to the crypts of Lieberkiihn. Earlier radioautographic studies identified proliferative cells in the small intestine of several non-mammalian vertebrates. However, it is still not clear whether cell renewal is confined to proliferative compartment within the small intestinal mucosa in non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present study proliferative cells were identified using an immunological marker of cell proliferation, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the small intestine of several non-mammalian vertebrate species, including birds (zebrafinch, Poephila guttata), reptiles (green anole, Anolis carolinensis), amphibia (axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum), and fishes (goldfish, Carassius auratus).Segments of the small intestine were fixed in 4% formaldehyde in 0.86 M phosphate buffer, pH=7.2 and embedded in paraffin. Deparaffinized and rehydrated sections were microwaved in citrate buffer. The immunohistochemical detection method used in this study based on the capillary action principle, as developed by Brigati.

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