Effect of pelleting on nutrients and energy digestibility in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet or diet containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting and diet type on the apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six pigs were cannulated at the ileum and were assigned to treatments following a crossover design. One diet was a control diet based of corn and soybean meal (CT). Part of it was replaced by corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS), wheat middlings and bakery meal in the second diet (ByP). Diets were in mash (CT-MH and ByP-MH) or pelleted (CT-PT and ByP-PT) form. Results showed that pelleting increased digestibility in all diets with a distinct effect on the CT diet (interaction Diet x Pelleting, P < 0.05). Pelleting improved the AID of DM, CP and energy by 17, 27 and 17% in the CT diet and by 10, 9 and 17% in the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The AID of AA followed the effect observed on CP (P < 0.01). Pelleting increased AID of total NSP for the CT diet by 63% and 42% for the ByP diet (P < 0.01). The pelleting conditions improved the degradability of the compounds in the diets during digestion in pigs.

Effects of cobalt-histidine absorbent on aerobic denitrification by Paracoccus versutus LYM

To overcome the problem that ferrous complexes are easily oxidized by O2 and then lose NO binding ability in the chemical absorption-biological reduction (CABR) process, cobalt(II)-histidine [Co(II)His] was proposed as an alternative. To evaluate the applicability of Co(II)His, the effects of CoHis absorbent on the aerobic denitrification by Paracoccus versutus LYM were investigated. Results indicated that His significantly promoted nitrite reduction. The inhibition effects of CoHis absorbent could be substantially alleviated by increasing the initial His/Co2+ to 4 or higher. CoHis with concentrations of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mM presented no distinct effect on nitrite reduction, but slightly inhibited the reduction of nitrate, resulting in longer lag of nitrate reduction, and obviously promoted the growth of strain LYM. In the presence of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM CoHis absorbent, the main denitrification product was N2 (not less than 95.0%). This study is of significance in verifying the applicability of Co(II)His in the CABR process, and provides a referable CoHis absorbent concentration as 20 mM with an initial His/Co2+ of 4 for the future experiments.

Hey, look over there: Distraction effects on rapid sequence recall

In the course of everyday life, the brain must store and recall a huge variety of representations of stimuli which are presented in an ordered or sequential way. The processes by which the ordering of these various things is stored and recalled are moderately well understood. We use here a computational model of a cortex-like recurrent neural network adapted by a multitude of plasticity mechanisms. We first demonstrate the learning of a sequence. Then, we examine the influence of different types of distractors on the network dynamics during the recall of the encoded ordered information being ordered in a sequence. We are able to broadly arrive at two distinct effect-categories for distractors, arrive at a basic understanding of why this is so, and predict what distractors will fall into each category.

EFFECT OF RETARDANTS ON WHEAT GROWTH PROCESSES AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The article presents the results of research of growth processes and anatomical indicators of wheat culture of the variety Kraevid, depending on the treatment with the growth-regulating preparation – tebuconazole (0,5% and 1%). The tebuconazole was treated by spraying the aerial part and introduction through the root system. It has been established that the use of tebuconazole of different physiological-active concentrations (1% and 0.5%) in different methods of introducing into the plant (through the root and through spraying) led to a slowing of linear growth and inhibition of the root growth of wheat plants. The most distinct effect was observed with the use of 1% tebuconazole when the retardant was treated through the root. Treatment of wheat plants with tebuconazole through root and spraying caused significant changes in water metabolism and photosynthesis of plants: the linear size of stomata decreased, that led to reduction of the stomata area. It was found that when the tebuconazole was fed through the root, the transpiration intensity was higher than in the variant with the spraying of plants.