scholarly journals Vitamin D in autoimmune bullous disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tukaj
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases ◽  
Bullous Diseases

Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and the development of various autoimmune diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus. More recently, such a link has been also proposed for autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD). This is a relatively rare and potentially life-threatening, organ-specific group of inflammatory skin diseases characterized by the presence of tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies against various molecules present in desmosomes (in pemphigus diseases) or hemidesmosomes (in pemphigoid diseases). In addition to the well-known role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), exerts potent effects on cellular differentiation and regulation of immune responses via binding to the vitamin D receptor present in most cells of the immune system. Since cells of both, the innate and adaptive immune systems, are known to be relevant in AIBD, the role of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of patients with these disorders deserves much attention. This mini-review summarizes recent epidemiological and experimental studies on vitamin D involvement in the autoimmune bullous diseases.

scholarly journals Diagnostic significance of immunofluorescent tests in dermatology

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Medenica ◽  
Dusan Skiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Bullous Diseases

Introduction. Immunofluorescence (IF) is a laboratory technique introduced to dermatology in 1960s for the purposes of investigating the patophysiology and establishing the diagnosis of skin diseases, particularly autoimmune bullous diseases and connective tissues diseases. There are three basic types of IF techniques: the direct IF (DIF), which is used for the detection of antibodies and complement components fixed in the tissue, the indirect IF (IIF), which is used for the detection of circulating antibodies in patients' serum, and complement-fixed IIF (K-IIF), which is more sensitive in the detection of complement-binding circulating antibodies. Autoimmune bullous diseases. Autoimmune bullous diseases (ABD) can be divided into two groups, depending on the site of blister formation: intraepidermal and subepidermal ABD. The detection of antibodies against the adhesion molecules by DIF techique in both groups of ABD has almost 100% diagnostic accuracy. The titer of circulating antibodies detected and measured by IIF correlates with the activity of pemphigus, but not with the pemphigoid. There are also two modified IIF techniques routinely used, split-skin DIF and IIF, both are most employed in differentiating of subepidermal ABD, since they share many clinical, histopathological and immunopathological features. Connective tissue diseases. DIF test is most useful in diagnosing the connective tissue diseases (CTD), especially lupus erythematosus. Since there are false positive and negative results, DIF findings should be correlated with clinical histological and serological features. Vasculitis. DIF test is used for detection of different immunoreactansts in leukocytoclastic vasculitis and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura. Lichen planus, erythema multiforme. The characteristic pattern of fluorescence in DIF test can be found in most patients with these diseases.

scholarly journals Interleukin-36 family as a novel regulator of inflammation in the barrier tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
S. V. Sennikova ◽  
A. P. Toptygina
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cathepsin G ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Barrier Tissues

The interleukin-36 (IL-36) family was discerned in the superfamily of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ten years ago. This family includes three isoforms of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, which have pro-inflammatory activity and a specific receptor antagonist, IL-36ra, which implements anti-inflammatory function. All of them bind to the same IL-1R6 receptor. The pro-inflammatory isoforms also involve an accessory IL-1RAcP protein into signaling; resulting into conduction of a signal into the cell via the assembling heterodimer receptor. In contrast, IL-36ra inhibits the formation of a heterodimer and blocks the signal transmission. The cytokines of the IL-36 family and appropriate receptors are normally expressed on epithelial cells in barrier tissues such as the respiratory, intestinal tract and skin. Like all cytokines of the IL-1 superfamily, IL-36 is synthesized as inactive form and requires activation, but not due to caspases, but being mediated by neutrophil enzymes, such as cathepsin G, proteinase-3, and elastase, which are constantly present in barrier tissues. In this regard, IL-36 is involved in homeostasis of barrier tissues. Apparently, the IL-36 cytokine system appeared in response to the developing ability of some microorganisms to avoid immune recognition and activation of innate immune response, and, in particular, the IL-1 pro-inflammatory system. An imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways readily causes inflammation in the corresponding tissue. This review discusses participation of cytokines from the IL-36 family in homeostasis of barrier tissues, as well as potential role of the IL-36 family in pathogenesis of bacterial, viral, and fungal skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The role of IL-36 family cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis has been well studied. This review is presenting the modern ideas about immune pathogenesis of psoriasis. The special role of cytokines from the IL-36 family was shown both for induction of psoriatic inflammation and evolving a positive feedback loop that supports and enhances the immune component of inflammation, which leads to progression of the disease. Moreover, modern methods of treating psoriasis are discussed, in particular, a possible promising approach to IL-36 blockade, or usage of recombinant IL-36ra for the treatment of psoriatic patients. Experimental studies in this area in mice provide some grounds for optimism.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in the immunopathogenesis of allergic skin diseases

Allergy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Benson ◽  
J. A. Toh ◽  
N. Vernon ◽  
S. P. Jariwala
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Allergic Skin

scholarly journals Alopecia areata is not a risk factor for heart diseases: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250216
Author(s):  
Heera Lee ◽  
You Chan Kim ◽  
Jee Woong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease caused by chronic inflammation of hair follicles. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and lupus erythematosus can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between AA and heart diseases (HDs) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of subsequent HDs in patients with AA. We reviewed 3770 cases of AA and from 18,850 age, sex, and income level-matched controls from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. In the subgroup analysis, patients who suffered from alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, and ophiasis were designated as patients with severe AA and patients having the disease for over a year were designated as patients with long-standing AA. As a result, we found that AA was not associated with a higher risk of heart failure, angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction. There was no significant increase in the risk of overall HD associated with AA (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.48; p = 0.177). Neither the severity nor the duration of AA was related to an increased risk of HDs. During the study period, AA patients did not show a significantly higher cumulative incidence of HDs than controls (log-rank p = 0.157). In conclusion, AA does not increase the risk of HD.

Exposure to environmental chemicals and type 1 diabetes: an update

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah G Howard
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

This narrative review summarises recently published epidemiological and in vivo experimental studies on exposure to environmental chemicals and their potential role in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These studies focus on a variety of environmental chemical exposures, including to air pollution, arsenic, some persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, bisphenol A and phthalates. Of the 15 epidemiological studies identified, 14 include measurements of exposures during childhood, 2 include prenatal exposures and 1 includes adults over age 21. Together, they illustrate that the role of chemicals in T1DM may be complex and may depend on a variety of factors, such as exposure level, timing of exposure, nutritional status and chemical metabolism. While the evidence that these exposures may increase the risk of T1DM is still preliminary, it is critical to investigate this possibility further as a means of preventing T1DM.

Challenge and perspective: the relevance of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) for psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Reichrath ◽  
Roman Saternus ◽  
Thomas Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Cutaneous Synthesis

Focussing on the UV induced cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, this review gives an update on the relevance of the VDES and of UV radiation for the management of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases.

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